The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
Word Count:
The reading states that the population of otters along the Alaskan coast have been declined for environmental pollution and present several resons to support the claim. However, the lecturer challenges the claims made by the authors. He says that it would happen by the predators rather than environmental pollution and the lecturer refutes each of the author's claims.
First of all, The author of the reading argues that Otters population could have declined by the idustrial pollution along the Alaskan coast because water from this ares reavels the increasing of chemical and this way sauses the infection of otters. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that this claim is weaken because any evidence of infection by water pollution did not found. Furthermore, the lecturer says that the predation consistancy found in the alongside
Alaska coast and this are the actual reasons for otters declination, not pollution.
Secondly, the reading asserts that since not only otter, other sea mammals along with the Alaskan coast also have been declined, thus it is must be Environmental pollution. In addition, the reading posits that predators like the orca, large predatory wales also have the same effects, although they have preferred to the large prey. The lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that evidence had found that whales actually decline for human hunting, not for predation. Moreover, the lecturer says that When the wales disapear orca cange their food habit they prefer to eat small mammals like a sea lion, seals ets instead of Whales, thus the decline of small mammals would not the reason of environmental pollution.
Finally, the reading claims that the Uneven pattern of otters declination could have figured out the pollution hypothesis and that' why some places otter's population declined and some location population is stable. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that the Uneven pattern mainly occurs for the predation because in the shallow and rocky location, access easily to predation. Furthermore, the lecturer says that in shallow and rockey areas it is highly uncomfortable to live otters as a result predator easily to predation and occurs this odd population size along the Alaskans coast.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 161, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...ng the Alaskan coast because water from this ares reavels the increasing of chemical...
^^^^
Line 5, column 332, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'weakened'.
Suggestion: weakened
...he lecturer. He says that this claim is weaken because any evidence of infection by w...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 375, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ken because any evidence of infection by water pollution did not found. Furthermo...
^^
Line 5, column 492, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ation consistancy found in the alongside Alaska coast and this are the actual rea...
^^^^
Line 11, column 621, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ls like a sea lion, seals ets instead of Whales, thus the decline of small mammal...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, in addition, in contrast, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 29.0 5.01324503311 578% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1908.0 1373.03311258 139% => OK
No of words: 358.0 270.72406181 132% => OK
Chars per words: 5.32960893855 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.34981470047 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59496605348 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 172.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.480446927374 0.540411800872 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 585.0 419.366225166 139% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.633606976 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 136.285714286 110.228320801 124% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.5714285714 21.698381199 118% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8571428571 7.06452816374 154% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.245450161569 0.272083759551 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0845121077272 0.0996497079465 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0763651658385 0.0662205650399 115% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.14381318115 0.162205337803 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0271166897752 0.0443174109184 61% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.5 13.3589403974 124% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.93 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.98 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 93.0 63.6247240618 146% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.