summarize the points made in the lecture about Pterosaurs and their ability to fly, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific reasons given in the reading about Pterosaurs flying features.
The reading discusses about the possibility of flying in Pterosaurs and speculates that they may have not had the ability to fly. However, the professor in the lecture believes that the points made in the reading are inconclusive and gives three reasons to refute each of the assumptions proposed in the writing respectively.
First, the article states that Pterosaurs might be cold blooded animals just like their modern reptile species. It explains that most of the cold blooded animals’ metabolism is so low to generate sufficient amount of energy for them to fly. However, the professor doubts this fact and indicates that most of Pterosaurs had a kind of fur like hair over their body which is inferred to be used for regulating their body temperature as a warm blooded animal. Thus, if they were warm blooded animals, their metabolism would be high enough to let them fly.
Second, the passage argues that Pterosaurs are so much heavy and can not be kept airborne logically. In contrary, she reminds that Pterosaurs weight were not as high as it is reported. They had light weights which enabled them to fly, since their bones were not rigid like any other powerful animals. Generally, their anatomic skeleton consisted of hollow bones that reduce their weight significantly in comparison with other reptiles.
Third, the reading regards that Pterosaurs needed big, powerful muscles in their back legs to fly which have not observed in them in any case. On the other hand, professor insists that they had the ability of flying, because powerful muscles are just one determining factor in this matter. Also, according to studies conducted most of the birds use two legs for gaining speed to fly. In contrast, Pterosaurs had four legs in the ground that can assist them more efficiently in jumping and getting enough speed for flying.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, second, so, third, thus, in contrast, kind of, in any case, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1552.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 307.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05537459283 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18585898806 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57461723076 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530944625407 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 472.5 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.8981694718 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.857142857 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.9285714286 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.71428571429 7.06452816374 109% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.288629956941 0.272083759551 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0979871447403 0.0996497079465 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0689386995499 0.0662205650399 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.181502197297 0.162205337803 112% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.081468815267 0.0443174109184 184% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.38 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.