In the reading passage, the author mentions three hypotheses formulated by scientists, explain the reasons why the Little Ice Age occurred. However, the lecturer presents the counterargument against these assumptions.
The first hypothesis claims that the disruption of the Gulf Stream may have brought about the cooling of the climate. The lecturer rebuts this argument, maintaining that the disruption of the ocean current only affected European and North America. Nevertheless, the Little Ice Age changed the climate of southern hemisphere as well. Thus, the Gulf Stream could not account for the cooling climate.
The second theory suggests that the large scale of volcanic activities could have resulted in the Little Ice Age as the abundant amount of dust blocked the sunlight. The lecturer questions this assertion, pointing out that there are no records, such as colorful sunsets or gray snow, implying the occurrence of the volcanic eruption. Apparently, the volcanic eruption was merely not powerful enough to reduce the global temperatures.
The third assumption states that the decreases in human population may have contributed to the cooling temperatures as the growing forest trees in farmland could absorb carbon dioxide. The lecturer counters this theory, arguing that the forest trees might not stayed long enough to decrease the greenhouse effect because human population can grow back fairly fast. Therefore, the dwindling of human population would not cause the Little Ice Age.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
apparently, but, first, however, may, nevertheless, second, so, therefore, third, thus, well, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 2.0 10.4613686534 19% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 10.0 22.412803532 45% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1280.0 1373.03311258 93% => OK
No of words: 230.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.5652173913 5.08290768461 109% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89432290496 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72946534992 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.6 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 381.6 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.2539560393 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.666666667 110.228320801 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1666666667 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.41666666667 7.06452816374 119% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.452829482849 0.272083759551 166% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.143529755045 0.0996497079465 144% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.081377030074 0.0662205650399 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.233987112051 0.162205337803 144% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0724061284711 0.0443174109184 163% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.03 12.2367328918 123% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.59 8.42419426049 114% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.