TPO 33- Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of |locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.
The reading and lecture are both about carved stone balls. The article states that archaeologists do not agree with the purpose and meaning of the carved ball, but there are other theories for its uses. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in the article and refutes all the theories presented in the reading passage.
First of all, the author points out that the stone balls were used as hunting and fighting weapon. The article notes that when stone balls end are attached to a cord it can swing it to person or object. Conversely, the point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that during the neolithic era weapon such as arrow head has signs of wear and tear, but the stone ball has only cracked pieces but it has no signs of wear and tear or damage in the structure. Hence, the carved stone ball cannot be considered as a hunting or fighting weapon.
Secondly, the author contends that the carved stone balls were used as weights and measurements. The article establishes that it can measure standardized weight to measure food or scale for use in trade. On the contrary, the lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that the masses used in the measurement are not in a uniformed weight. Furthermore, she argues that sand stone, green stone, quartz has different density, thus some are heavier while others are lighter.
Finally, the author states that carved stone balls has social purposes. The article denotes that stone balls have intricate design and carving which suggest owners are from important strata in society. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that the design of the carved stone balls are not consistent. She puts forth the idea that some balls are designed in a more intricate pattern while others are just plain and simple. In addition, they say that when a person died and belonged to a high social status, they will bury their priced possession with them like the carved stone ball. But the tombs of important person have no evidence of having carved stone balls in their grave.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11-05 | alta | 80 | view |
| 2019-10-20 | Seema Modak | 75 | view |
| 2019-09-23 | Mahimoon | 75 | view |
| 2019-03-25 | moath322 | 80 | view |
| 2018-11-30 | toeflbeginner | 68 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, while, in addition, such as, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 18.0 7.30242825607 246% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1693.0 1373.03311258 123% => OK
No of words: 351.0 270.72406181 130% => OK
Chars per words: 4.82336182336 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32839392791 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.31211282146 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 179.0 145.348785872 123% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.509971509972 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 515.7 419.366225166 123% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.0979836084 49.2860985944 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 89.1052631579 110.228320801 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4736842105 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.0 7.06452816374 127% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.531706090996 0.272083759551 195% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.176597405406 0.0996497079465 177% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.100061959233 0.0662205650399 151% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.311858990953 0.162205337803 192% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0865611161589 0.0443174109184 195% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.68 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.72 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.