TPO 40 :
Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
Based on the given materials, the passage was arguing that a venus is an impossible place for permanent presence with presenting some reasons. But in the contrary, the lecturer was giving some ideas and solutions to the problems that the text mentioned.
In the beginning, the passage mentioned to high pressure of the Venus that will crush every probe that will send to venus. For a solution, the lecturer gives an idea that can solve this severe pressure and gravity(that is 90 times greater than earth). Although on the surface of the planet the gravity is extreme, in higher distances from the surface the gravity will be decreased, and with constructing a floating station in the air problem of pressure will solve.
The second issue is about the lack of vital elements in the atmosphere, for instance, Oxygen and water, and the abondance of haphazardous materials like Sulfuric acid that as pointed in the passage make existence impossible. But as a solution, the lecturer presents a solution called chemical process. with the chemical processes, humans can obtain necessary elements and provide water or oxygen.
The final reason the passage explains is that there is an insufficient amount of sunlight in Venus. With a lack of enough sunlight, devices can't obtain electricity and supply a power system. The lecturer mentioned to a key point that not only with using the amount of sunlight that passed through the clouds but also the clouds can reflect sunlight and with using these reflection human can obtain enough sunlight.
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 20 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 2 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 4 2
No. of Sentences: 10 12
No. of Words: 254 250
No. of Characters: 1255 1200
No. of Different Words: 134 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 3.992 4.2
Average Word Length: 4.941 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.516 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 95 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 72 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 52 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 24 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 25.4 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.952 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.4 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.38 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.653 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.056 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4