The author of the reading section is adamant that Pterosaurs were incapable of powered flight for three reasons. However, the lecturer is dubious of these reasons.
To begin with, the author cited that doubters believe that Pterosaurs were a cold-blooded animal, and consequently, cannot produce enough energy for the powered flight. Conversely, the lecturer strongly opposes such inference by pointing out that Pterosaurs are found to have a dense hairy covering. This covering is a feature of warm-blooded animals since these animals need it to protect themselves from losing heat. As a result, if Pterosaurs is more like warm-blooded animals, their metabolism is fast enough for powered flight.
Additionally, the author advocates that Pterosaurs were too large and hence too heavy to fly. However, the lecturer rebuts it by elaborating the fact that the anatomical fact shows the bones of Pterosaurs is hollow instead of solid. That leads to a result that Pterosaurs' weight is low despite their large frame.
Eventually, the author contends that the muscles of Pterosaurs is not strong enough for them to jump or run, and therefore they cannot take off. Countering to this statement, the lecturer casts doubts on the take-off method. She points out that despite that Pterosaurs had difficulties in taking off like the bird, who uses two limbs, they are capable to take off by utilizing all of four limbs. If they used all of their four limbs rather than only the back limbs, there is no trouble for them to jump high or run fast enough to fly into the air.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, first, hence, however, if, so, therefore
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1322.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.1439688716 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66416229862 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.56420233463 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 396.9 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.089235356 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.692307692 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.7692307692 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.46153846154 7.06452816374 77% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.431357148051 0.272083759551 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.142926158029 0.0996497079465 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0778129982268 0.0662205650399 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.238274878197 0.162205337803 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0758832549064 0.0443174109184 171% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.96 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.