In this set of materials, the reading and the lecture are both discussing the possibility of Pterosaurs to fly wherein the reading states that pterosaurs have some weakness and cannot fly. Moreover, it provides three arguments to support. However, the lecturer of the listening explains that the arguments presented by the author are weak. More than that, he refutes each of the author's points.
First, the writer of the reading claims that pterosaurs are cold-blooded reptiles and they cannot fly because they need to preserve energy. The professor refutes this point by saying that based upon the fossils; pterosaurs have hairs and furs on their body. Therefore, they are warm-blooded reptiles. In addition, he mentions that the metabolism of the warm-blooded animals provides adequate energy to powered flight.
Secondly, the author of the reading says that pterosaurs cannot fly due to their huge weight. However, the professor explains that pterosaurs have many hollows in their bones. According to the professor, the hollow bones help pterosaurs to have a lightweight which assists pterosaurs to fly.
Finally, the reading states that pterosaurs need powerful muscles in their legs for taking off from the ground. The professor opposes this point by explaining that birds use two legs for running and jumping but pterosaurs use their four legs for running, jumping, and flying. Considering this argument, pterosaurs cannot fly is contradicted.
In conclusion, the three points that made in the lecture contrast with the reading. The first, second, and third points in the lecture demonstrate that the inability of pterosaurs to fly is in doubt.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, third, in addition, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1396.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 261.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.34865900383 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0193898071 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72484107517 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 131.0 145.348785872 90% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.501915708812 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 403.2 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.9670834648 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.25 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.3125 21.698381199 75% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.625 7.06452816374 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.334247633107 0.272083759551 123% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.112243376425 0.0996497079465 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0732319014426 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.188218977067 0.162205337803 116% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0777484247672 0.0443174109184 175% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.45 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.18 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.