The reading passage and the lecture both are about whether Pterosaurs were able to fly. The reading material believes that Pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight and they could only glide. However, the lecturer casts doubt on the reasons mentioned in the reading by providing three strong reasons.
Firstly, the author says that Pterosaurs were not warm-blooded; therefore, due to their low metabolisms, they could not be able to generate enough energy to fly. In contrast, the lecturer refutes this point. She says that the recent discovery fossils have shown that Pterosaurs have dense fear covering on their bodies for maintaining warm their bodies. Hence, they are considered as warm-blooded organisms and they could supply the needed energy to fly.
Secondly, the reading passage states that Pterosaurs had heavy bodies which interfered with flapping wings for a long time. On the other hand, the lecturer challenges this point. She argues that recently, researchers have found that Pterosaurs had unusually lightweight. In other words, Pterosaurs had hollow bones instead of solid bones which kept their bodies low weight while they were giant. Therefore, this reason is not convincing.
Finally, the reading material claims that animals which can fly such as birds have strong legs in order to take off; but, Pterosaurs had small back leg muscles which did not allow them to take off. In despite, the lecturer rejects this reason. She believes that animals like birds, use just two legs in order to jump hight; but, Pterosaurs used their four limbs to push their bodies on the ground and run fast enough and then jump to the air. Therefore, they could take off from the ground.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, firstly, hence, however, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, while, in contrast, such as, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1414.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 275.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14181818182 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07223819929 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41536678254 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.549090909091 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 405.0 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 50.0115221099 49.2860985944 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 88.375 110.228320801 80% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.1875 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.1875 7.06452816374 130% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.386954632525 0.272083759551 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.115102020912 0.0996497079465 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0873315416163 0.0662205650399 132% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.229628614159 0.162205337803 142% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0292786104898 0.0443174109184 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.47 8.42419426049 89% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.