In this set of material, the passage and the lecture offer two opposing points of view about whether Pterosaurs was capable of flying or not. While the passage gives three reasons supporting the idea that these creatures could not fly, the lecture refutes every one of them.
First, the passage asserts that according to the fact that Pterosaurs was a cold-blooded animal, they had a slow metabolism, as a result, they could not have generated the amount of energy which, is required for powered flight. The lecture refutes this remark by explaining that according to the fossil discoveries, scientists believe Pterosaurs had a fair covering which, indicates that they were warm-blooded animals, so according to the metabolism of a warm-blooded animal, they were able to produce enough energy required for powered flight.
In addition, the passage argues that because Pterosaurs were large animals, they were not able to stay loft for any length of time. On the other hand, the speaker emphasizes Pterosaurs had a specific anatomical feature that made this animal light. As a result of having hollow bones, they were lighter than they seemed to be.
Finally, the author declares that in order to launch themselves into the air, Pterosaurs would have needed strong back muscles, but according to the fossils, they did not have this feature. The lecture claims that although they did not have strong back muscles they would have abled to fly due to their strong limbs. The speaker points out that the Pterosaurs had four strong limps by which they walked on the ground, then she illustrates that the Pterosaurs were able to jump high enough or run fast enough to launch themselves into the air.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, if, so, then, while, in addition, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1418.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02836879433 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49679639817 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.521276595745 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 426.6 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 67.5425791631 49.2860985944 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 141.8 110.228320801 129% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.2 21.698381199 130% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5 7.06452816374 120% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.434098737759 0.272083759551 160% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.174102624799 0.0996497079465 175% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0870586700023 0.0662205650399 131% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.244069806281 0.162205337803 150% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.109345543895 0.0443174109184 247% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.4 13.3589403974 123% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.52 53.8541721854 96% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.19 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.