TPO 47 Writing Integrated
Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were capable of powered flight (flying by flapping their wings) or whether they were able only to glide. Several arguments have been made against powered flight.
The reading passage discusses several arguments indicating Pterosaurs, an ancient group of winged reptiles, were not capable of powered flight. However, the lecturer finds the idea dubious and casts doubt on the reasons provided by the reading passage.
First, the author claims that since Pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded, they could not have been able to produce the required amount of energy for flying through their slow metabolism. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that according to fossil records, Pterosaurs had dense hair covering. As a result, its body heat was preserved and the metabolism was sufficient enough to supply an adequate level of energy needed for flying.
Furthermore, the reading holds the view that Pterosaurs were so heavy that they could not have been able to wing fast enough to fly. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that although Pterosaurs were enormous animals, their weight was not that much since they had hollow bones instead of solid bones. As a result, despite their large body their light bones made them light enough to flap their wings and fly.
Finally, the reading passage asserts that according to fossilized bones the Pterosaurs did not have strong back muscles to launch themselves to the air. In contrast, the speaker dismisses the issue due to the fact that unlike other birds which use two limbs for walking and launching themselves to the air, Pterosaurs had four limbs. Therefore, they were able to push off from the ground, run fast enough or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, so, therefore, in contrast, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1332.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14285714286 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.46281811849 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.57528957529 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 387.9 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 28.149835224 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 121.090909091 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5454545455 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.63636363636 7.06452816374 136% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.474402062301 0.272083759551 174% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.163828941054 0.0996497079465 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.10163052216 0.0662205650399 153% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.253449486213 0.162205337803 156% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0679412848619 0.0443174109184 153% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.83 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.25 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.