TPO-49 Integrated task
Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading and the lecture are both about how humpback whales migrate long distance for food. The author of the reading suggests that whales use stars for their migration and provides three possible reasons for it. However, the professor thinks that even though using the starts for orientation is a fascinating hypothesis, evidences provided in the article are not convincing rationals of it.
First of all, the authors avers that since humpback whales have complex brain like human, and they powerful cognitive ability, they might able to use the stars for their movement. The professor, on the other hand, says that there is no real connection between having high intelligent and use of sun as a external source of object of navigates. He provides examples of birds and dogs to refute the point; some bird fly in direction following sun, and some dog also able to do that. However, both of them do not have a well developed brain. Therefore, unlikely humpback whales use the stars for their migration.
Secondly, since humpback whales move in straight line, they must be directed by the stars, is another possible hypothesis posits in the article. However, the lecturer provides an alternative explanation to the idea of straight line movement. He says that they might be oriented by the Earth's magnetic field as a chemical compound which process magnetic behaviour remains on humpback brain. So, they might swim following earth magnet.
Finally, the writer mentions that humpback showed some activity like spy-hopping, which might be to look for the stars. This point is challenged by the professor and claims that this activity is not for looking stars, but for their own desire; Sarks do this for hunting. Again, some time they do this in the daytime, when no stars appeared. Therefore, humpback whales do not do that unusual behaviour for migration using the direction of the stars.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 396, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cle are not convincing rationals of it. First of all, the authors avers that sin...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 303, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...ving high intelligent and use of sun as a external source of object of navigates....
^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, look, second, secondly, so, therefore, well, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1587.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07028753994 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52380393409 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.523961661342 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 478.8 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.4065212255 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.1875 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5625 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.477128714439 0.272083759551 175% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.165636175873 0.0996497079465 166% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0900113345614 0.0662205650399 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.290693198783 0.162205337803 179% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0431995884981 0.0443174109184 97% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.06 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 63.6247240618 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.