Essay topics: TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task
Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The passage states that humpback whales migrate long distances. The navigation strategy of this kind of whales is a great mystery. Researches have raised some suppositions that humpback whales use star patterns for navigation. Three of which are explained in the article. However, the lecturer challenges all of them.
First, the passage states that whales are very intelligent and their congnition ability is a convincing reason for their ability to utilize star patterns. The professor explains there is no determined relation between animals celevrness and navigation abilities. For example a kind of bird, called Duck bird, uses stars for navigationg but its cognitive capacity is average. The navigation ability is an instinct.
Second, the writer claims that straight movement of of whales is great indication of exploiting land marks and sky marks such as stars. The man refutes this proposition by saying that an other whale's features is responsible for their straight movement. They have a biomagnetic substance in their brain which is very sensitive to earth's magnetic fiels. whales oriente by taking advantge of this biomagnetic substance and earth's magnetic field.
Third, the passage stats that whales can look at stars when the come to the surface of water, during spy hopping. The lecturer challenges this reason. He argues that the goal spy-hoping is not looking at stars. whales do spy-hopping during the day when there is no star in the sky. It is likely that whales do spy-hopping for other purposes such as hunting, which some sharks do.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 104, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...their congnition ability is a convincing reason for their ability to utilize sta...
^^
Line 3, column 112, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ngnition ability is a convincing reason for their ability to utilize star patter...
^^
Line 5, column 50, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: of
...he writer claims that straight movement of of whales is great indication of exploitin...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 185, Rule ID: AN_OTHER[1]
Message: Did you mean 'another'? This word sequence is usually spelled together.
Suggestion: another
...refutes this proposition by saying that an other whales features is responsible for thei...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 353, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Whales
...ery sensitive to earths magnetic fiels. whales oriente by taking advantge of this biom...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r challenges this reason. He argues that the goal spy-hoping is not looking at st...
^^
Line 7, column 213, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Whales
...oal spy-hoping is not looking at stars. whales do spy-hopping during the day when ther...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, look, second, so, third, for example, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1314.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 250.0 270.72406181 92% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.256 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69287949972 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.552 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 397.8 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 13.0 21.2450331126 61% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 33.7181491225 49.2860985944 68% => OK
Chars per sentence: 73.0 110.228320801 66% => OK
Words per sentence: 13.8888888889 21.698381199 64% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.16666666667 7.06452816374 59% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.452212619934 0.272083759551 166% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127879927177 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0682851247569 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.262371081967 0.162205337803 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0483419233507 0.0443174109184 109% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.3 13.3589403974 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.28 53.8541721854 108% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.64 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.2 10.498013245 69% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.