TPO40 Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon On the other hand conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible First atmospher

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TPO40- Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.

First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.

Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.

Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.

The reading passage and the lecturer are both discuss the possibility of life on the venus. While the author believes living on that planet is unreachable for humankind, the professor has some solution for each of the passage's reasons, respectively.
First of all, the passage mentions the high pressure that the planet has, almost 90 times more than what we feel on the earth. He thinks this phenomenon avoids any spacecraft to land on the surface without a catastrophic crash. The professor agrees that venus has a tremendous atmospheric pressure, but he says this can be neglected if we build a balloon shape stations above the venus. Hovering almost 50 kilometers above the planet surface, the ballon will feel a normal pressure as earth's pressure. It is because of the well-known fact of pressure reduction while we go upward.
Secondly, the passage asserts that there is no water resource on the venus. Still, the only thing we can find is some other chemical elements such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid. If we want to survive on that planet, we have to import water from the earth, which is not reasonable. However, the lecturer believes that with the development of technology, we can use those elements such as carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid to produce water in-situ. He adds this procedure will help us to make our own using water on the planet, and water does not have to be exported from earth to vines.
Finally, the author in the passage addresses the impermeable atmosphere above the venus, and he notices that %60 of the sun's light is reflected from this thick cloud above the planet. Besides, those %40, which can pass through it, will stock in carbon dioxide layer beneath a thick fog. Consequently, it is not possible to produce any energy by solar cells, which is the primary energy-producing mechanism in the space for human. On the other hand, the lecturer again mentions his previous solution that they can establish a space station 50km above the venus's surface. By doing so, not only do they can use solar radiation, but they can use reflected lights from those thick clouds and save a bunch of energy for personal usage. He mentions above that height the atmosphere consist of a thin layer similar to what we have on earth.

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