TPO47 integrated
The author of the reading passage holds that Pterosaurs are not capable of powered flight, while the lecturer in the lecture expresses an opposite view.
To begin with, the author claims that Pterosaurs cannot generate enough energy for powered flight because they are cold-blooded and have a slow metabolism. However, the lecturer refutes that a recent study discovered that Pterosaurs have hair-like covering like fur over the body, which is a typical feature of warm-blooded animals to maintain the body temperature. So, if Pterosaurs' behaviors and characteristics are more similar to warm-blooded animals, they could have a faster metabolism than the author suggests so that they can produce a lot of energy to fly.
Moreover, the author believes that Pterosaurs are too heavy to keep airborne by powered flight. On the contrary, the lecturer rebuts that they are unusually light for their sizes because they have some special techniques to reduce the weight. For example, their bones are hollow instead of being solid, which can significantly lower the bone density. As a result, although it is true that Pterosaurs are large, they have adopted such effective approaches to control the weight, which allows them to keep airborne during powered flight by flapping wings.
Finally, the author puts forward that weak back leg muscles prevent Pterosaurs from running fast or jumping high to launch themselves into the air. Instead, the lecturer retorts that unlike birds, which only use their hind legs when taking off, Pterosaurs are able to utilize all four legs to push themselves off the ground. This mechanism has also been proved in some modern animals such as bats. Therefore, by using four limps, even the largest Pterosaurs are able to run fast enough and jump high enough to launch into the air.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, while, for example, such as, as a result, it is true, on the contrary, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1532.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 296.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.17567567568 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14784890444 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54760196042 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.587837837838 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 469.8 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.3139719504 49.2860985944 86% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.666666667 110.228320801 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.6666666667 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.8333333333 7.06452816374 168% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.453907898491 0.272083759551 167% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.160780867609 0.0996497079465 161% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0579675764893 0.0662205650399 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.244568933152 0.162205337803 151% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0696717229606 0.0443174109184 157% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 13.3589403974 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.06 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.67 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.