Argument Topic #5 Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing via separate studies. First, U.S. statistics show that each year there are approximotely40,000deattA automobile accidents versus only approximately 200 in flight accidents. Second, studies indicate,: pilots are four times less likely than average to have accidents on the road, Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers questions would have on the validity of the argument.
The argument fails to explain numerous assumptions they are as follows.
Firstly, the argument claims that pilot driving on road is four times safer that the average driver. The argument lacks in explaining the details of the study. Where was the study performed? If the pilots tend to drive in safe regulated, well guided areas close to airport then it is possible that the amount of errors made by average driver would less compared to places where the traffic regulations are not implemented in optimized way. Or there is discrepancy in the crime rate of the locality on the road, then the claim asserted by the author is no longer valid. To bolster the strength of the argument the author need to provide the study that was performed on the same locality with same between same aged group people in the similar traffic conditions.
The conclusion of pilot being better driver on road is drawn from specific region that is US statistics. It may not be valid if we broaden the topic to world. Is the argument still valid in all the countries and regions of the world? Or is it just a coincidence that small data set is misleading the topic and the conclusion. To further improve the validity of the argument the author needs to provide data that is collected from larger data set and from different regions which includes diverse locality, traffic, crime rate on road, traffic guideline implemented areas, also rural and urban areas.
Essentially flying a plane and driving a car is fundamentally different in numerous ways. The vehicle, traffic rules, duration, and the skills required are blatantly different. And correlation between the two would not make sense unless the evidence presented that shows a significant resemblance. Is flight turbulence similar to bumps or pot holes felt on the road? Is flying planes improves the driving skills in certain way? We don’t know. Hence it is hard to make such an extreme assumption that flying plane improves the driving skills.
There are multiple erroneous and unexplained assumptions made by the author to jump into the conclusion that includes lack of details of the study, validity of the statistics in broader and diverse conditions, and evidence that flying planes improves the driving skills on the road. To improve the validity of the argument author should provide these details before making such extreme conclusions.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 2.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 398 350
No. of Characters: 1944 1500
No. of Different Words: 188 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.467 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.884 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.538 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 142 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 108 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 68 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 38 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.952 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 11.77 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.333 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.288 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.501 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.096 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 13, column 449, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...lls in certain way? We don't know. Hence it is hard to make such an extreme assu...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, hence, if, may, so, still, then, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 12.9520958084 39% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 28.8173652695 69% => OK
Preposition: 51.0 55.5748502994 92% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 16.3942115768 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2010.0 2260.96107784 89% => OK
No of words: 397.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.06297229219 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46372701284 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61172994602 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 196.0 204.123752495 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.493702770781 0.468620217663 105% => OK
syllable_count: 620.1 705.55239521 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 5.0 1.67365269461 299% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 72.9085097478 57.8364921388 126% => OK
Chars per sentence: 95.7142857143 119.503703932 80% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.9047619048 23.324526521 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.80952380952 5.70786347227 49% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0679549417554 0.218282227539 31% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0230858039333 0.0743258471296 31% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0185972591635 0.0701772020484 27% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0401503989356 0.128457276422 31% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.00323558884282 0.0628817314937 5% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 14.3799401198 83% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 48.3550499002 110% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.07 8.32208582834 97% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 98.500998004 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 16.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.