The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a controlled laboratory study of liquid hand soaps, a concentrated solution of extra strength UltraClean hand soap produced a 40 percent greater reduction in harmful bacteria than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During our recent test of regular-strength UltraClean with doctors, nurses, and visitors at our hospital in Worktown, the hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection (a 20 percent reduction) than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations, including those used by visitors, throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In this argument from a large group of hospitals. The author states that the new hand soaps from UltraClean can prevent more infections than other hand soaps. However, this argument rests on many unsubstantiated assumptions, and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.
To begin with, the memo states that this new hand soaps produced a 40 percent reduction in harmful bacteria than did the soaps used now in hospitals. However, a supposition here is that every bacteria is the same type. What if the bacteria is not the same type? Bacteria have lots of different type that we cannot assert this soap can eliminate every bacteria. It is possible that this test only test the certain bacteria. Thus, this experiment cannot convince people to believe it. We need more information or other tests for different bacteria.
Moreover, the memos says that the one hospital used the new hand soaps had fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals recently. However, we need more information about this report. What if the new bacteria appear in the future? We cannot assert that this new soap can defeat the new type of bacteria. For example, when Ebolavirus appeared at the beginning, we have no solution to defeat it. It is highly possible that this soap do not has huge affection to those new bacteria.
Even if the patient infections are decrease, it is not to say that the decrease is because of the new soap. What if the decrease is due to the other facts? For instance, if the patients is lower than before, it is possible that the infection is lower, or if the patients had the vaccination, they can have stronger immune system than before. Using the new soap is not the only reason for the decrease of infection.
To sum up, the author would need to provide more evidence in detail to make valid of the assumptions he addressed.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 323 350
No. of Characters: 1490 1500
No. of Different Words: 145 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.239 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.613 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.465 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 94 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 71 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 58 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 27 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 15.381 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.644 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.619 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.325 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.535 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.147 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 128, Rule ID: DID_PAST[1]
Message: Did you mean 'use'?
Suggestion: use
... in harmful bacteria than did the soaps used now in hospitals. However, a suppositio...
^^^^
Line 9, column 462, Rule ID: DONT_NEEDS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'have'?
Suggestion: have
...s highly possible that this soap do not has huge affection to those new bacteria. ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, if, moreover, so, therefore, thus, for example, for instance, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 11.1786427146 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 28.8173652695 118% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 55.5748502994 56% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1553.0 2260.96107784 69% => OK
No of words: 323.0 441.139720559 73% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.8080495356 5.12650576532 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23936324884 4.56307096286 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57306648692 2.78398813304 92% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 204.123752495 73% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.46439628483 0.468620217663 99% => OK
syllable_count: 486.9 705.55239521 69% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 22.8473053892 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.3026496541 57.8364921388 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 73.9523809524 119.503703932 62% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.380952381 23.324526521 66% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.52380952381 5.70786347227 79% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.67664670659 214% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.138272471187 0.218282227539 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0463616699318 0.0743258471296 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0733427106867 0.0701772020484 105% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.082116300255 0.128457276422 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0738716355989 0.0628817314937 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.9 14.3799401198 62% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 48.3550499002 134% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 12.197005988 66% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.03 12.5979740519 80% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.46 8.32208582834 90% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 98.500998004 64% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 12.3882235529 52% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.0 11.1389221557 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.