The following is a memorandum from the business manager of a television station.
“Over the past years, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to national news and less time to weather and local news. During this period, most of the complaints received from viewers were concerned with our station’s coverage of weather and local news. In addition, local businesses that used to advertise during our latte-night news program have just canceled their advertising contracts with us. Therefore, in order to attract more viewers to the program and to avoid losing any further advertising revenues, we should restore the time devoted to weather and local news to its former level.
The following argument is flawed with many reasons in which the argument has failed to give evidences for.
firstly, in the argument, it was stated that the increase in the time devoted for national news has led to cancellation of advertising contracts by local businesses. This can not be justified as there are several reasons to cancel an advertising contract. It could be peculiar to the local business in term of their profits and overall performances. The argument has failed to make a logical reason to ascertain this claim.
Secondly, the argument stated that in other to increase advertising revenues, there should be increase in the time devoted to weather and local news. This is also not supported by any fact and it can not hold water because advertising revenue is coming from business that chose to advertise on your program and if there is no profit in their business which is not a function of advertising, the business may choose not to advertise on the program or choose several other means of advertisement. Also, some good percentage of the customers that patronize the business might not have access to television which means they wont be aware of such business, then the business owner would choose to advertise via another medium that could reach their lowest income customers.
Lastly, the argument claimed that in other to attracts more viewers, the time allotted for weather and local news should be restored. There is no correlation between the numbers of viewers and the type of news the program devote more time to. Some viewers might prefer a weather and local news while some might prefer national news or even sport news. This is a conflict of interest among the viewers and each of the viewers is at liberty to choose any program to watch at a particular moment.
Based on the several assumptions made in the argument, the argument is flawed. If the argument can give enough and convincing evidences to support the various fallacies in the argument, then the validity of the argument can be tested.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 345 350
No. of Characters: 1659 1500
No. of Different Words: 154 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.31 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.809 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.539 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 122 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 95 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 63 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 29 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 24.643 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 12.686 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.5 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.376 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.636 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.101 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Firstly
... has failed to give evidences for. firstly, in the argument, it was stated that th...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 95, Rule ID: SHOULD_BE_DO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'increased'?
Suggestion: increased
...e advertising revenues, there should be increase in the time devoted to weather and loca...
^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 314, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hose to advertise on your program and if there is no profit in their business whi...
^^
Line 13, column 294, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rs might prefer a weather and local news while some might prefer national news or...
^^
Line 17, column 224, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t, then the validity of the argument can be tested.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, then, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 19.6327345309 87% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 13.6137724551 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 28.8173652695 62% => OK
Preposition: 49.0 55.5748502994 88% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1708.0 2260.96107784 76% => OK
No of words: 345.0 441.139720559 78% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.95072463768 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.3097767484 4.56307096286 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61773634717 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 204.123752495 77% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.455072463768 0.468620217663 97% => OK
syllable_count: 539.1 705.55239521 76% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 74.0510028319 57.8364921388 128% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.0 119.503703932 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.6428571429 23.324526521 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.14285714286 5.70786347227 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.250080232474 0.218282227539 115% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0985833689736 0.0743258471296 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0915217032126 0.0701772020484 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.12711832887 0.128457276422 99% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103016949146 0.0628817314937 164% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.03 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 98.500998004 71% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.