The following is part of a memorandum from the president of Humana University.
"Last year the number of students who enrolled in online degree programs offered by nearby Omni University increased by 50 percent. During the same year, Omni showed a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space, most likely because online instruction takes place via the Internet. In contrast, over the past three years, enrollment at Humana University has failed to grow and the cost of maintaining buildings has increased. Thus, to increase enrollment and solve the problem of budget deficits at Humana University, we should initiate and actively promote online degree programs like those at Omni."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The author , in the argument, concludes that in order to solve the problem of budget deficit and increase enrollments humana university should actively promote degree programs like those in omni. To support his argument the author provides evidences like increased number of students enrolled online in omni university, significant decrease in the expenditures of the dormitory etc. The author relies on several unwarranted assumptions ,if not substantiated, seriously undermines the persuasiveness of the argument.
First of all, the author assumes that last year was representative of the trend and the trend of increase will continue for long run. It is possible that last year was a mere fluke. Perhaps there was no cost for enrollment and no fees for enrollment in the online classes. It is also possible that the increased number of students enrolled are in secondary courses, not the main courses. The author also assumes that 50 percent increase is a significant increase in the number of students. It is possible that there were very few students in omni university, say 20, and the number of increased students is 10 which may not be a significant amount. If any of these case is true then the argument is seriously undermined.
Secondly, The author assumes that significant decrease from the prior years in the expenditure of the dormitory at the omni university is the effect of online degree programs. It is possible that dormitory at omni university are at dilapidated condition and students prefer to stay off campus. It is also possible that omni university charges exorbitant rate of fees foe dormitory, so students do not live in dormitory. It is also possible that there was construction going on previous years which raised the cost but now it may not be the case. If any of these case is valid then argument does not hold water.
Thirdly, the author assumes that number of admission at the humana university is stagnant for three years and cost for management is increasing, as a cumulative effect leading to budget deficit. It is also possible that the number of admission already exceeded limits and cannot admit more students than that. It is also possible that more number of students started staying in the dormitory which increased dormitory maintenance costs. If these are the cases then university can have more income than they previously collected. If any of these cases are true then argument does not hold water.
In conclusion, the argument, as it stands now, is not as persuasive as it sounds. The author should substantiate his assumptions with bulk of evidence. If author fails to buttress his argument with further evidences the argument is seriously undermined.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 7 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 6 2
No. of Sentences: 22 15
No. of Words: 444 350
No. of Characters: 2214 1500
No. of Different Words: 173 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.59 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.986 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.783 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 165 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 126 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 104 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 59 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.182 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.049 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.773 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.344 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.344 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.119 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 11, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
The author , in the argument, concludes that in orde...
^^
Line 1, column 436, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...elies on several unwarranted assumptions ,if not substantiated, seriously undermin...
^^
Line 2, column 649, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... which may not be a significant amount. If any of these case is true then the argu...
^^
Line 3, column 420, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
..., so students do not live in dormitory. It is also possible that there was constru...
^^
Line 3, column 546, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...he cost but now it may not be the case. If any of these case is valid then argumen...
^^
Line 4, column 437, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... increased dormitory maintenance costs. If these are the cases then university can...
^^
Line 4, column 529, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... income than they previously collected. If any of these cases are true then argume...
^^
Line 5, column 152, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... his assumptions with bulk of evidence. If author fails to buttress his argument w...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, in conclusion, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 29.0 19.6327345309 148% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 12.9520958084 54% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 11.1786427146 72% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 28.8173652695 118% => OK
Preposition: 50.0 55.5748502994 90% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2260.0 2260.96107784 100% => OK
No of words: 444.0 441.139720559 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09009009009 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.5903493882 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85584824674 2.78398813304 103% => OK
Unique words: 183.0 204.123752495 90% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.412162162162 0.468620217663 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 729.9 705.55239521 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 8.0 2.70958083832 295% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.994013436 57.8364921388 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.2608695652 119.503703932 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3043478261 23.324526521 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.26086956522 5.70786347227 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.289024352978 0.218282227539 132% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0858613260487 0.0743258471296 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0764879444422 0.0701772020484 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.162489207472 0.128457276422 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0905986876989 0.0628817314937 144% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 14.3799401198 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.5979740519 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 98.500998004 87% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 15.5 12.3882235529 125% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.9071856287 84% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.