the letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine it is stated that Manned space flight is costly and dangerous and should therefore, be supplanted by unmanned space flight
In the letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine it is stated that Manned space flight is costly and dangerous and should therefore, be supplanted by unmanned space flight. The conclusion drawn are supported by the recent success of the unmanned space missions which are assumed to be less costly and dangerous than manned missions. However, before this recommendation can be properly evaluated, Two unstated assumptions must be accounted for.
First of all, are manned space flight more costly than their unmanned contemporaries? it is possible that manned missions are in fact cheaper than unmanned ones due requirement of less automation . Perhaps, automating the data collection or sampling in unmanned missions can give rise to exorbitant development costs. The same tasks of data collection might be performed by the human counterparts more cheaply and effectively. Perhaps robots might need to be developed and tested for performing even simple tasks which might extend the development period and give rise to huge costs associated with sustaining the development cycle of such a project and make the project unfeasible. Further unmanned space probes might require frequent and costly maintenance and upgrades, if either of the scenarios has merit, then conclusion drawn in the original argument is significantly weakened.
Second of all, is the amount of information captured by the unmanned probe justifiable in relation to the cost?, perhaps, a human might be able to better capture the information using basic instruments. he might be able to account for and correct errors which the an unmanned probe might not have been trained for due to cost constraints. Also, as it boils down to the scientist to draw reasonable conclusions from the data collected, A human might be able to get better insight on the data collected when he's on field rather than in lab several days later. Space missions are complex and it is not uncommon for faults to occur. Perhaps the unlike humans, the unmanned probe won’t be able to detect faults and correct them. This might lead to inefficiencies. if either of the scenarios has merit, then conclusion drawn in the original argument does not hold water.
In conclusion the argument as is stands now is considerably flawed due to its reliance on several unwarranted assumptions. If the author is able to present evidence to warrant these assumptions (perhaps in the form of a systematic research study) then it will be possible to evaluate the viability of the proposed recommendation to deem manned space flight as costly and dangerous and invest resources in unmanned space flight.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 427 350
No. of Characters: 2177 1500
No. of Different Words: 204 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.546 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.098 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.825 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 163 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 119 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 94 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 56 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 28.467 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 13.114 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.6 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.353 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.544 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.113 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 87, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...tly than their unmanned contemporaries? it is possible that manned missions are in...
^^
Line 5, column 196, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... ones due requirement of less automation . Perhaps, automating the data collection...
^^
Line 5, column 684, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Further,
...roject and make the project unfeasible. Further unmanned space probes might require fre...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 204, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...he information using basic instruments. he might be able to account for and correc...
^^
Line 9, column 261, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'an' is left.
Suggestion: the; an
...to account for and correct errors which the an unmanned probe might not have been trai...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 507, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: he's
...tter insight on the data collected when hes on field rather than in lab several day...
^^^
Line 9, column 766, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...em. This might lead to inefficiencies. if either of the scenarios has merit, then...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, second, so, then, therefore, in conclusion, in fact, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 13.6137724551 44% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 28.8173652695 49% => OK
Preposition: 53.0 55.5748502994 95% => OK
Nominalization: 18.0 16.3942115768 110% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2233.0 2260.96107784 99% => OK
No of words: 426.0 441.139720559 97% => OK
Chars per words: 5.24178403756 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.54310108192 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.90566544801 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 206.0 204.123752495 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.483568075117 0.468620217663 103% => OK
syllable_count: 689.4 705.55239521 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 66.9370673667 57.8364921388 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 124.055555556 119.503703932 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6666666667 23.324526521 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.05555555556 5.70786347227 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 7.0 5.25449101796 133% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.400930207561 0.218282227539 184% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.137593191349 0.0743258471296 185% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.228622521762 0.0701772020484 326% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.297857338706 0.128457276422 232% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.214782207306 0.0628817314937 342% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.1 14.3799401198 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 48.3550499002 100% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.41 12.5979740519 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.82 8.32208582834 106% => OK
difficult_words: 109.0 98.500998004 111% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.