Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.
In the letter to the editor of the national aeronotics magazine it is stated that, the resources should be invested in unmanned space flight because of the degree of danger and cost associated with manned flights. The opinion is based on the following unstated assumptions which need to be cleared so that the conclusion gets its ultimate validation.
Firstly, in the letter it is assumed that the success attained in the recent series of unmanned space flights will continue in the coming years too. For instance, the next space flight without men will face a terrible accident causing a large scale damage of expensive computers and high resolution cameras which ccould also be used in some other space flights. The deleterious effect of the accident might surpass the cost of manned space flights. And if this happens, the opinin presented in the letter will not hold water.
Secondly, the letter does not state what happens when a space flight faces a problem that requires a instant solution and the computerized robot in the satellite probes does not know how to solve it. Suppose during the flight one of the engine cylinder starts to leak fuel. If this situation goes on, it can result in the burst of the space craft. The space probes are not equipped with necessary codes to solve this type of problem. Had there be some men in the spacecraft, they would be able to solve the cylinder leakage with attaching necessary sealers in the leaked portion and prevent a catasclysmis accident from taking place.
Further, the author of the letter assumes that the nature of data and information gathered by maaned and unmanned space flights are same. But what if this is not the case. For instance, the data and image gathered by the maaned space flights are absolutely different from the one gathered by unmanned flights. And if this happens then investing soley on the unmanned flight to space will do nothing but limit extent of our knowledge of the mysterious space and galaxy which could simply be attainable by sending men to the space.
In conclusion, the opinion presented in the letter is based on some unwarranted assumptions. This assumptions need to e lucidated for the argument to become more persuasive otherwise it will loose its justification.
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 3 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 9 2
No. of Sentences: 17 15
No. of Words: 383 350
No. of Characters: 1847 1500
No. of Different Words: 189 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.424 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.822 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.502 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 138 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 97 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 64 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 36 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.529 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.494 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.588 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.341 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.57 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.053 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 427, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...f the accident might surpass the cost of manned space flights. And if this happen...
^^
Line 5, column 100, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...ce flight faces a problem that requires a instant solution and the computerized r...
^
Line 5, column 445, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: 'been'.
Suggestion: been
...o solve this type of problem. Had there be some men in the spacecraft, they would ...
^^
Line 7, column 367, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ens then investing soley on the unmanned flight to space will do nothing but limi...
^^
Line 9, column 94, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: These
... based on some unwarranted assumptions. This assumptions need to e lucidated for the...
^^^^
Line 9, column 192, Rule ID: LOOSE_LOSE[2]
Message: Did you mean 'lose' (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?
Suggestion: lose
...ecome more persuasive otherwise it will loose its justification.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, if, second, secondly, so, then, for instance, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.9520958084 93% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 13.6137724551 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 20.0 28.8173652695 69% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1890.0 2260.96107784 84% => OK
No of words: 383.0 441.139720559 87% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.93472584856 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.42384287591 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56335440627 2.78398813304 92% => OK
Unique words: 191.0 204.123752495 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.498694516971 0.468620217663 106% => OK
syllable_count: 594.0 705.55239521 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.3112065347 57.8364921388 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.176470588 119.503703932 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.5294117647 23.324526521 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.05882352941 5.70786347227 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 8.20758483034 37% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.35854179173 0.218282227539 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104426319256 0.0743258471296 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0825590298378 0.0701772020484 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.178469804091 0.128457276422 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0950251560554 0.0628817314937 151% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 14.3799401198 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.61 12.5979740519 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.44 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 90.0 98.500998004 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.