theatere
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw.The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly.During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being.Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.
Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence.Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations.As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites.But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group's oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.
Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative.Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures.Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator's pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.
A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds.Admiration for the performer's skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances.
In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater.Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs.One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative-as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations.Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life.Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense.For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
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...he rites celebrate or hope to influence.Performers may wear costumes and masks to represen...
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...rituals or in accompanying celebrations.As a person becomes more sophisticated, it...
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...lt, it may abandon or modify some rites.But the myths that have grown up around the...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, briefly, but, first, if, may, nevertheless, so, then, therefore, thus, well, for example, in addition, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 15.1003584229 146% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 9.8082437276 92% => OK
Conjunction : 42.0 13.8261648746 304% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 12.0 11.0286738351 109% => OK
Pronoun: 40.0 43.0788530466 93% => OK
Preposition: 93.0 52.1666666667 178% => OK
Nominalization: 23.0 8.0752688172 285% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3821.0 1977.66487455 193% => OK
No of words: 687.0 407.700716846 169% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.56186317322 4.8611393121 114% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.11963717896 4.48103885553 114% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.20938682336 2.67179642975 120% => OK
Unique words: 379.0 212.727598566 178% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.551673944687 0.524837075471 105% => OK
syllable_count: 1196.1 618.680645161 193% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.51630824373 112% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 9.59856630824 52% => OK
Article: 8.0 3.08781362007 259% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 6.0 3.51792114695 171% => OK
Conjunction: 11.0 1.86738351254 589% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 7.0 4.94265232975 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 20.6003584229 68% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 49.0 20.1344086022 243% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 235.200652505 48.9658058833 480% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 272.928571429 100.406767564 272% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 49.0714285714 20.6045352989 238% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 8.57142857143 5.45110844103 157% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.53405017921 132% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 20.0 5.5376344086 361% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 11.8709677419 67% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 3.85842293907 78% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.88709677419 61% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.223048096586 0.236089414692 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0975525849104 0.076458572812 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.107391529319 0.0737576698707 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.121468524434 0.150856017488 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0495954004987 0.0645574589148 77% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 29.3 11.7677419355 249% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 13.28 58.1214874552 23% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 14.6 6.10430107527 239% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 23.6 10.1575268817 232% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 15.86 10.9000537634 146% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 11.4 8.01818996416 142% => OK
difficult_words: 232.0 86.8835125448 267% => Less difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 65.0 10.002688172 650% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 21.6 10.0537634409 215% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 24.0 10.247311828 234% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.