Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.
In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat's group.
The reading and the lecture are both about Altruism, which is a type of behavior in animals to selflessly sacrifice their own interests to help others. The author of the reading believes that Altruism acts are prevalent among human and other mammals. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. He thinks that the examples of altruism exhibited are not ideal.
First of all, the author points out that many species of animals show such behavior and the Meerkat is an example of that animal. It is mentioned that in a group of Meerkats, an individual takes up the role of a sentinel, and stands guard looking out for predator while the group members search for food or eat the food they have obtained. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that the sentinel Meerkat eats before standing guard. Furthermore, he argues that as he is the first to notice the predator, he can escape before others to a safe place.
Secondly, the author contends that when the sentinel Meerkat notices a predator, it gives an alarm to alert other Meerkats. The article notes that the Meerkat has to escape alone after alerting others, so it places itself in grave danger as animals in a group can work together to fend off a predator. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggests the alarm is to signal the group to gather together or scatter in several directions. He elaborates on this by mentioning that the group's activity diverts the predator's attention and sentinel Meerkat can escape easily.
Finally, the author states that humans perform acts of altruism by donating their kidneys to relatives or strangers. The article establishes that these people do not get any reward in return for performing such a good deed. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that humans who donate organs to help others get approval and appreciation from society and it increases their self-worth. He puts forth the idea that for some people this increase in self-worth and approval from society is very valuable and is equivalent to a reward.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 252, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...revalent among human and other mammals. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made...
^^^
Line 5, column 481, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'groups'' or 'group's'?
Suggestion: groups'; group's
...aborates on this by mentioning that the groups activity diverts the predators attentio...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 509, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'predators'' or 'predator's'?
Suggestion: predators'; predator's
...ng that the groups activity diverts the predators attention and sentinel Meerkat can esca...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, if, look, second, secondly, so, while, as to, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 22.412803532 161% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 48.0 30.3222958057 158% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1701.0 1373.03311258 124% => OK
No of words: 350.0 270.72406181 129% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32530772707 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50693894165 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 185.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.528571428571 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 527.4 419.366225166 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.4725127838 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.5 110.228320801 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.4444444444 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.16666666667 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0561413314329 0.272083759551 21% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0230817128609 0.0996497079465 23% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.044234316736 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0446519085352 0.162205337803 28% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.059707055851 0.0443174109184 135% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.91 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.55 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 63.6247240618 138% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.