Brendan the Navigator was an Irish priest who lived in the 6th century. He is most famous for embarking on a voyage in search of the mythical “Island of the Blessed.” The details of Brendan's voyage, recorded as stories in old manuscripts, suggest to some that Brendan and his crew reached North America during their voyage, becoming the first Europeans to do so Those who advance this theory support it with several arguments
First, the written stories about Brendan’s voyage seem to make references to places his crew would have visited on the way to North America Sailors in Brendan's time typically traveled from island to island to avoid the dangers of long periods on the open seas A journey from Ireland to North America would have taken Brendan to the Faroe Islands. Iceland, and Greenland before reaching the North American continent (see illustration). Places described in the stories about Brendan’s voyage share characteristics with some of those island locations.
Second, a team of researchers recently constructed a boat resembling a curragh, an old Irish boat of the type used by Brendan Curraghs had a wooden frame with cowhides stretched over it. In building the boat, the researchers used only materials and techniques available in Brendan’s time. The researchers were able to sail this boat from Ireland to North America, demonstrating that boat technology in Brendan’s time was sufficient for a journey across the Atlantic Ocean
Third, old markings that may have a connection to Brendan’s voyage have been discovered at several locations in North America Cut into rocks, these markings consist of narrow vertical lines resembling letters of ogham, an old Irish alphabet in frequent use in Brendan’s time. The resemblance of those marks to ogham has convinced some that the markings were made by members of Brendan’s crew
The article states that Brenden the Navigator and his crew may have been the first Europeans to have reached North America. The author presents three theories to support this statement. However, the professor refutes these theories pointing out that none of the evidence is strong enough to support this notion.
First, the passage claims that based on the places described in the stories about Brenden's voyage there is a high chance that the crew traveled through locations that are on the way to North America. The professor argues against this notion pointing out that there were many other places that fit the descriptions, for example there is a story of passing through the island of sheep refrencing to Faroe islands, which raised sheep but, there are other places that raised sheep as well.
Second, the passage posits that the scientists have constructed a boat resembling curragh, which was used by Brenden for his travels and demonstrated that traveling to North America using it is possible. Nevertheless, the professor states that the boat made by the scientist wasn't an exact copy and was longer and had more sailors therefore the smaller version used in Brendens time may have been insufficient for such travels.
Third, the reading states that cuts resembling old Irish alphabet have been discovered in several locations in North America; hence, there is a possibility that they were made by Brenden's crew. The professor disputes against this point by saying that many other carvings of pictures and images were found alongside these carvings and by considering the fact that ogham only consists of letters the possibility of native Americans carving the pictures is higher than the sailors carving the letter alongside images.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 275, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wasn't
...tes that the boat made by the scientist wasnt an exact copy and was longer and had mo...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, hence, however, may, nevertheless, second, so, therefore, third, well, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1464.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.17314487633 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47707968883 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530035335689 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 443.7 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 31.0 21.2450331126 146% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 76.4302312368 49.2860985944 155% => OK
Chars per sentence: 162.666666667 110.228320801 148% => OK
Words per sentence: 31.4444444444 21.698381199 145% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4444444444 7.06452816374 148% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0681346154813 0.272083759551 25% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0283838552872 0.0996497079465 28% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0228666932565 0.0662205650399 35% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0393836831085 0.162205337803 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0230058399239 0.0443174109184 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.6 13.3589403974 139% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.01 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.3 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.14 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.4 10.498013245 137% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 275, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wasn't
...tes that the boat made by the scientist wasnt an exact copy and was longer and had mo...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, hence, however, may, nevertheless, second, so, therefore, third, well, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1464.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.17314487633 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47707968883 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530035335689 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 443.7 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 31.0 21.2450331126 146% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 76.4302312368 49.2860985944 155% => OK
Chars per sentence: 162.666666667 110.228320801 148% => OK
Words per sentence: 31.4444444444 21.698381199 145% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4444444444 7.06452816374 148% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0681346154813 0.272083759551 25% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0283838552872 0.0996497079465 28% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0228666932565 0.0662205650399 35% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0393836831085 0.162205337803 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0230058399239 0.0443174109184 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.6 13.3589403974 139% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.01 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.3 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.14 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.4 10.498013245 137% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.