Essay topics: All too often, inventors from the U.S. and European countries are incorrectly credited for creating the modern world. In fact, various nations around the world are truly responsible for many of the innovations that have shaped our lives today.
To give one example, European armies are credited with developing the modern firearm in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is true that the European guns were hand-held combustion weapons that could quickly fire a bullet, just like today’s handguns. However, it is also true that 600 years earlier, Chinese armies had already been using firearms called “hand cannons,” which had many of the essential features of the European weapons that came later.
Then there is the case of the airplane. The world remembers American inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright for creating modern flight, with their development of a steerable, motorized flying machine in 1903. Yet Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont had made the world’s first true steerable motorized flying machine in 1899. It is further worth noting that the Wright Brothers’ first flights in 1903 and 1904 lasted less than 5 minutes, while Santos-Dumont’s 1899 flight lasted nearly a half hour.
But perhaps the most popular modern invention that historians wrongly thank Europe for is the camera, a device nearly everyone owns and uses today. Most history books name 19th century French photographer Louis Daguerre as the inventor of the camera. In fact, the true inventor of the camera was an Iraqi scientist born nearly 1,000 years before Daguerre. Ibn al-Haytham developed pinhole camera technology, the basis for modern photography, in the early 11th century. This is yet another prominent example of Western inventors dominating our historical awareness, so that we fail to notice how much the rest of the world has contributed to modern life.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they challenge points made in the reading.
The article and the lecture talked about credits given to the USA and European countries for inventions that are justifiable or not. The article made a certain claim to support the idea that credits given to the USA and European nations are incorrect as they dominated our historical cognition. However, the lecturer rebutted the assertions made by the article and provided supporting reasons for the view.
Firstly, the author of the article mentioned that European armies was not the first one to develope firearms and in order to support his claim, the author mentioned about the Chinese armies' hand cannons which had many similary feature as that of firearms developed by the European armies.But the lecturer opposed the claims made in the reading by stating that the hand cannons that were made by Chinese army were not usable as 2 or more people were required to operate it where as armfires requires a single person only. Moreover, the armfires had whole new designs and was much more usable.
Secondly, the author posits that the first flight mordern flight with steering capablity was titled to the Wright which was developed in 1903, but previously in 1899, A Brazilian aviator name Alberto Santos-Dumont had made first true modern flying machine. On the other hand, the lecturer refutes the information presented by the author and states that the Durmont development could not be titled as the mordern flying machine as it was just a hydrogen balloon and which had issue that it could blow up.
Thirdly, the author claimed that the most remarkable important invention was of Camera which has been title to the French photographer, should be given to the Ibn al-Hautham who developed it in 11th century. Again the lecturer undermines the statement made by the author by stating that the Ibn al-Hautham's camera was just merely a projector and was not truely a camera because it was not capable of producing and printing the picture.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 289, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: But
...rearms developed by the European armies.But the lecturer opposed the claims made in...
^^^
Line 5, column 473, Rule ID: WHERE_AS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'whereas'?
Suggestion: whereas
...more people were required to operate it where as armfires requires a single person only....
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1632.0 1373.03311258 119% => OK
No of words: 325.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02153846154 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24591054749 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52777049366 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.498461538462 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 507.6 419.366225166 121% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 36.0 21.2450331126 169% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 123.611498127 49.2860985944 251% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 181.333333333 110.228320801 165% => OK
Words per sentence: 36.1111111111 21.698381199 166% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0664531862236 0.272083759551 24% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0393066513913 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0507115050169 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0467474885627 0.162205337803 29% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0613439850176 0.0443174109184 138% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.3 13.3589403974 152% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 34.94 53.8541721854 65% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 17.3 11.0289183223 157% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.43 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.5 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 63.6247240618 132% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.4 10.498013245 156% => OK
text_standard: 17.0 11.2008830022 152% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.