Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water - so called "elephant graveyards" - to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
The reading excerpt states that there are several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors, the author provides three reasons for support. However, the lecture's audio claims that there are a lot of problems with the author theories and she refutes each of them by stating the cause behind these beliefs is not obvious.
To begin with, the article avers that the elephants are aware of approaching death and that is why they discovered many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants. In contrast, the professor opposes this point of view by saying that these animals go away from their herd for other reason which is because with age, their teeth fractured and eroded, so, they travel away in order to find out soft vegetables which they are found near the water. Thus, that is why the leave away. Therefore, being away from other elephants is not a credited reason.
second, the passage posits that the elephants are representing objects through art because they seem that they have artistic ability. On the other hand, the lecturer argues this outlook by explaining that the human trainers train these animals to paint by stroking their ears which are very sensible in a certain direction, in order to encourage them to move the brush and paint something. however, they are only able to paint lines without training. So, this outlook contradicts what the professor discussed.
Third, the excerpt mentions that elephants fear of mice as they are backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them. This cast doubt on what the professor discusses that their fear not related to mice, but, these small mice are unfamiliar to them and that for all unfamiliar animals. Thus, it is a normal behavior. In addition, if these mice become familiar to them, they will not mind about them. Thus, this idea is definitely wrong.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 156, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...three reasons for support. However, the lectures audio claims that there are a lot of pr...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 2, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Second
...elephants is not a credited reason. second, the passage posits that the elephants ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 392, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
... to move the brush and paint something. however, they are only able to paint lines with...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, look, second, so, therefore, third, thus, in addition, in contrast, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 42.0 22.412803532 187% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1539.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 310.0 270.72406181 115% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96451612903 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.19604776685 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.34540975744 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 172.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.554838709677 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 468.0 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 76.2319851214 49.2860985944 155% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.6 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.6666666667 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.86666666667 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0833185047027 0.272083759551 31% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0260646666121 0.0996497079465 26% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0274786840369 0.0662205650399 41% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0496210164405 0.162205337803 31% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0255808896092 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.49 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.55 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.