Investigations made at laboratories in the various parts of the world indicate that apes are capable of understanding language and using linguistic responses at the level of young children. just because these animals do not have the physical apparatus for producing speech, we should not assume that they cannot understand and learn language. according to researchers who have worked closely with apes, when these animals are given other means to communicate, they do indeed show sophisticated communicative abilities. these researchers provide evidence of gorillas using signs to show humor, to insult, o threaten, to produce metaphorical language, and to engage in fantasy play.
Koko, a lowland gorilla, seems to have understood a poem written about her. tests of Koko's auditory comprehension showed that she was able to distinguish between words such as funny, money and bunny. similar claims have been made for Michael, a male companion of Koko's, who also learned to discriminate between many sounds.
Washoe, an adult chimpanzee raised as if she were a deaf child, was able to translate words she heard into american sign language. another study consisted of teaching a chimpanzee named kanzi how to communicate using keyboard of symbols. this study compared the series of stages that a human child goes through these stages in much the same way as children, up to a particular stage of development, and in fact, did better than a young child on a test that measured only the ability to comprehend given requests.
The lecture is questioning the validity of previous researches that claims apes can understand and learn language, like humans do. According to the lecture, the signs shown by apes are insufficient to conclude that apes can respond to human language. Then, the lecture interested in comparing communication behavior between apes and human to assess whether apes language is valid.
A language, according to the lecture, must have some criteria in order to be called “language”. First, it must be communicative, which is the speaker and receiver can take turns and give prompt response during the communication. Then, receiver must be able to give comments on certain topics. Given these features, apes have not met any of them.
The proponents of apes communications, however, argue that apes do meet those criteria. They claim those who question the validity of the research have no experience dealing with apes before. However, the lecture claims that the proponents of apes’ communications might have personal attachment with apes that would affect the conclusion they made.
In conclusion, the lecture mentions about the use of modern brain scanning system that would be able to validate this debate. By monitoring the brain activity between human and apes during communication, we shall be able to conclude whether apes can really communicate like humans do.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 6, column 286, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... can really communicate like humans do.
^^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['first', 'however', 'really', 'so', 'then', 'in conclusion']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.254980079681 0.261695866417 97% => OK
Verbs: 0.183266932271 0.158904122519 115% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0637450199203 0.0723426182421 88% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0239043824701 0.0435111971325 55% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0199203187251 0.0277247811725 72% => OK
Prepositions: 0.107569721116 0.128828473217 83% => OK
Participles: 0.0398406374502 0.0370669169778 107% => OK
Conjunctions: 3.05836010461 2.5805825403 119% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0358565737052 0.0208969081088 172% => OK
Particles: 0.0 0.00154638098197 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.0996015936255 0.128158765124 78% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0438247011952 0.0158828679856 276% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0199203187251 0.0114777025283 174% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1391.0 1645.83664459 85% => OK
No of words: 216.0 271.125827815 80% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 6.43981481481 6.08160592843 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.83365862548 4.04852973271 95% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.37962962963 0.374372842146 101% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.310185185185 0.287516216867 108% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.240740740741 0.187439937562 128% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.134259259259 0.113142543107 119% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.05836010461 2.5805825403 119% => OK
Unique words: 121.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.560185185185 0.539623497131 104% => OK
Word variations: 52.5023958495 53.8517498576 97% => OK
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0529801325 92% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.7502111507 83% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.9591498003 49.3711431718 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.916666667 132.220823453 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0 21.7502111507 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.5 0.878197800319 57% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 3.39072847682 29% => OK
Readability: 49.0185185185 50.5018328374 97% => OK
Elegance: 1.77192982456 1.90840788429 93% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.385156597787 0.549887131256 70% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.174613766764 0.142949733639 122% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0798137549459 0.0787303798458 101% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.630358612804 0.631733273073 100% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.14296042394 0.139662658121 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.186685114472 0.266732575781 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0826235674299 0.103435571967 80% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.272090506397 0.414875509568 66% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0595436753373 0.0530846634433 112% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.270150283474 0.40443939384 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0616935243532 0.0528353158467 117% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.26048565121 94% => OK
Positive topic words: 4.0 3.49668874172 114% => OK
Negative topic words: 2.0 3.62251655629 55% => OK
Neutral topic words: 0.0 3.1766004415 0% => More neutral topic words wanted.
Total topic words: 6.0 10.2958057395 58% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.