Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipmen
The reading excerpt states that the conditions on Venus are extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible, the author provides three reasons for support. However, the lecture's audio explains that there are a lot of problems with the author theories and he refutes each of them by stating the cause of this conditions is not obvious.
To begin with, the article claims that the atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth's surface. In contrast, the professor contradicts this theory by saying that the station will be established in the air not on the surface just like a ballon. Moreover, fifteen kilometers from the surface, the pressure will be just like this in the earth not cause any damage or crush to the station. Hence, this theory is not credited to what the speaker stated.
Second, the passage posits that as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. In contrary, the lecturer argues this outlook that there are chemical materials in Venus atmosphere can lead to water production such as the nitrogen and sulfuric acid, the chemical reaction between them will give water. So, this point of view contradicts what the professor explained.
Third, the excerpt mentions that very little sunlight reaches the plant's surface and about 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick cloud. This cast doubt on what the speaker avers that the clouds are not thick. So, still, a considerable amount of sunlight can pass. Furthermore, the station can benefit from the light that directly filters from above and the light that reflected from the clouds to produce energy to provide the station. Thus, this idea is definitely wrong.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 207, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...three reasons for support. However, the lectures audio explains that there are a lot of ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 341, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...es each of them by stating the cause of this conditions is not obvious. To begin...
^^^^
Line 6, column 112, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'planets'' or 'planet's'?
Suggestion: planets'; planet's
...oirs of water on Venus surface, and the planets atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon di...
^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 195, Rule ID: ADVERB_WORD_ORDER[9]
Message: The adverb 'hardly' is usually put before the verb 'contains'.
Suggestion: hardly contains
...n dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. In contrary,...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
furthermore, hence, however, if, look, moreover, second, so, still, third, thus, at least, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1607.0 1373.03311258 117% => OK
No of words: 321.0 270.72406181 119% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0062305296 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23278547379 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4820548478 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.542056074766 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 482.4 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 63.7085199185 49.2860985944 129% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.785714286 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.9285714286 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.0 7.06452816374 127% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.143052733815 0.272083759551 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.048370783109 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.100876774948 0.0662205650399 152% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0950585589853 0.162205337803 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.101660606778 0.0443174109184 229% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.6 13.3589403974 102% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.66 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.