In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
TPO48IntegratedTask-Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.
The reading and the lecture are both about decreasing of frog population, which is result from various causes. The author of the reading believes there are three possible solutions to help the declining population of frog. The lecturer challenges the statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that one of the solutions are practical.
First of all, the author suggests that pesticides have harmful effect on frogs that once enter inside it damage a frog's body. it is mentioned that laws should be made against farmers for using pesticides. The argument is refuted by the lecturer. she says it is not economically plausible. Furthermore, she argues that if farmers don't use pesticides, then crop yields would be low. As a result, farmers won't be able to compete with other farmers who use pesticides.
Secondly, the articles posits that a certain fungus is a reason why frog population decreasing around the world. The author notes scientists are creating some antifungal treatment, and if they apply this treatment over big areas, frogs would be saved. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asserting that this treatment is applied individually. she elaborates on this by mentioning that capturing individual frog one by one is necessary, and it can't prevent offsprings from being infected, meaning capturing the next generations of frogs would be needed. So it is a complicated and expensive method.
Finally, it is stated in the article that humans are threatening frogs' natural habitats. The author establishes that draining wetland and using water increasingly are damaging their habitats. if marshes and lakes are protected, it would be helpful for maintaining frog population. The lecturer, on other hand, opposes that these are not the biggest threats. she puts forth the idea that global warming is actually the major cause of drying of wetlands.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 224, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... help the declining population of frog. The lecturer challenges the statements made...
^^^
Line 1, column 283, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...nges the statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that one of the solut...
^^^
Line 3, column 127, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ce enter inside it damage a frogs body. it is mentioned that laws should be made a...
^^
Line 3, column 247, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...he argument is refuted by the lecturer. she says it is not economically plausible. ...
^^^
Line 3, column 330, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...Furthermore, she argues that if farmers dont use pesticides, then crop yields would ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 346, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...this treatment is applied individually. she elaborates on this by mentioning that c...
^^^
Line 5, column 446, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...al frog one by one is necessary, and it cant prevent offsprings from being infected,...
^^^^
Line 5, column 446, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'cants'?
Suggestion: cants
...al frog one by one is necessary, and it cant prevent offsprings from being infected,...
^^^^
Line 7, column 193, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...creasingly are damaging their habitats. if marshes and lakes are protected, it wou...
^^
Line 7, column 359, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...that these are not the biggest threats. she puts forth the idea that global warming...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 10.4613686534 249% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1570.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.19867549669 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.78738134438 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 173.0 145.348785872 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.572847682119 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 481.5 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 13.0662251656 153% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.558321315 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 78.5 110.228320801 71% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.1 21.698381199 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.5 7.06452816374 78% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.156519842675 0.272083759551 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0426961649814 0.0996497079465 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0493650732424 0.0662205650399 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0926301262681 0.162205337803 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0131416896636 0.0443174109184 30% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.6 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.29 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.14 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 91.0 63.6247240618 143% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.