Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet. The painting was attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear – yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow – which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembradnt’s paintings in the 1930
The reading claims that there are some problems about a woman’s portrait and evidence said that this paint was not painted by Rembrandt, the most famous Dutch painter in the seventeenth century. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and presents some evidence to refute them all.
First, the author argues that there are some inconsistencies about the way of woman’s dressing and it seems that the portrait is belonged to a servant wearing a white linen cap but this woman is wearing a luxurious fur collar and a servant cannot afford it. Conversely, the lecturer brings the idea that the analysis of painting showed that someone, 100 years after the original painting was drawn, to increase the value and price of painting added the fur to her clothes.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that the light and shadow in the painting do not fit together and the face is illuminated by light reflected from below but below the face is dark fur collar which absorbs the light. On the contrary, the professor underlines that in the original painting, the dress of woman is light and reflex the light on her face and light and shadow is very realistic.
Finally, the reading asserts that the painting was drawn on a panel; made of several pieces of wood glued together but Rembrandt often painted on panels without glued pieces. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue to the fact that when the fur collar added to the original painting, the glued wooden pieces was added to the paintings panel to be more grand and valuable. Also investigation showed that the main panel which painting was drawn on it by Rembrandt was similar to other Rembrandt painting's panels.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 379, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...gs panel to be more grand and valuable. Also investigation showed that the main pane...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, so, in contrast, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1420.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 289.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 4.91349480969 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12310562562 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50829970104 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.491349480969 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 421.2 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 32.0 21.2450331126 151% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 46.6859748416 49.2860985944 95% => OK
Chars per sentence: 157.777777778 110.228320801 143% => OK
Words per sentence: 32.1111111111 21.698381199 148% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.3333333333 7.06452816374 146% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.274840232339 0.272083759551 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.124638307337 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101830488877 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.171943339392 0.162205337803 106% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0888738078179 0.0443174109184 201% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.8 13.3589403974 133% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.46 53.8541721854 88% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 11.0289183223 132% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.79 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.34 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.8 10.498013245 141% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.