Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship
The main topic of both the reading and lecture is about the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. While the reading argues some problems associated with this trip, the lecturer finds them dubious and cast doubt on these problems.
First and foremost, the reading asserts that it takes 2 years for the astronauts to do this mission and they are probably going to use all of their food, water and oxygen sources; therefore it is impossible to end this mission without these essential sources. The lecturer, on the contrary, rejects this claim by asserting that there are new technologies that help the astronauts to provide their foods. It needs water instead of soil in order to get their foods; accordingly, it does not need any cultivation. Moreover, by using this strategy they can get fresh air.
Furthermore, the author holds the view that it is dangerous for the astronauts to spend lots of time in a zero-gravity environment. It has lots of consequences like decreasing muscle mass and lowering bone density. In contrast, the author argues that many astronauts learn how to tolerate this situation. She emphasizes that there are some practical solutions for them. One thing that they can do is to exercise in order to prevent decreased muscle mass. Additionally, they can get many pills like vitamins to prevent decreased bone density.
Finally, the reading claims that the astronauts may be encounter space radiation, and because of the absence of the earth's magnetic field, they may be faced with serious problems. The lecturer, conversely, dismisses this claim by asserting that this radiation is occasionally and it is not present all the time. She also mentioned that there are some instruments that help astronauts and shield them against radiation. Additionally, she claims that usually, their businesses are in the areas with no radiation.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ious and cast doubt on these problems. First and foremost, the reading asserts ...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... this strategy they can get fresh air. Furthermore, the author holds the view t...
^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ins to prevent decreased bone density. Finally, the reading claims that the ast...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, also, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, may, moreover, so, therefore, while, in contrast, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 44.0 22.412803532 196% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1574.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11038961039 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7585788236 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.532467532468 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 474.3 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.9425111462 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.375 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.25 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.8125 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0565278265524 0.272083759551 21% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0205965537545 0.0996497079465 21% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0548640343864 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0435619441247 0.162205337803 27% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0474826205944 0.0443174109184 107% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.22 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.