Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds. The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting. A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity. A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
In this set of materials, the reading and the lecture both discus the accuracy and reasons for the sound quakers that have been heard by submarine. While the reading states that there is many theories that explain the cause of this sounds and give three supportive reasons. The lecture refutes this, saying that the quakers are strange phenomenon but no one of the theories mentioned by the writer is known and oppose each reasons stated by the writer.
First, the reading claims that the sound is due to calls between male and female ocra whales when the male try to attract the female. However, the lecture argues that this theory seems unlikely. Although the whales are generally found in this area but they live near the surface of the water, while, the submarines are go deep in the ocean. Furthermore, it is hard to detected by the sonar.
Second, the reading makes the argument that the other explanation is caused by giant squid. Furthermore the writer adds that these animals have intellectual activity, so , they may easily produce this sound. The lecture counters this point by stating that the submarine first heard the sound at 1960s and till two decades.But then it disappear. According to the professor, the submarine live always on ocean continuously till today, so, it is strange to hear the sound suddenly and then disappear suddenly too.
Lastly, the reading argues that there are some military technology from another country which hard to detected by the sonar may be the cause of the sound. The lecture refutes this by pointing out that the submarines are move around continuously and change their direction. Moreover the professor says that since the marine are move fast they should produce some sounds of the engine. But no sounds have been heard.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 179, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are many theories'?
Suggestion: there are many theories
...ubmarine. While the reading states that there is many theories that explain the cause of this sounds a...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 228, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...many theories that explain the cause of this sounds and give three supportive reason...
^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e each reasons stated by the writer. First, the reading claims that the sound...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
..., it is hard to detected by the sonar. Second, the reading makes the argum...
^^^
Line 5, column 98, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Furthermore,
...r explanation is caused by giant squid. Furthermore the writer adds that these animals have...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 175, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...e animals have intellectual activity, so , they may easily produce this sound. The...
^^
Line 5, column 328, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: But
...the sound at 1960s and till two decades.But then it disappear. According to the pro...
^^^
Line 5, column 340, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'disappears'?
Suggestion: disappears
... 1960s and till two decades.But then it disappear. According to the professor, the submar...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 393, Rule ID: ADVERB_WORD_ORDER[9]
Message: The adverb 'always' is usually put before the verb 'live'.
Suggestion: always live
...cording to the professor, the submarine live always on ocean continuously till today, so, i...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nly and then disappear suddenly too. Lastly, the reading argues that there ar...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 280, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
...ontinuously and change their direction. Moreover the professor says that since the marin...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, however, lastly, may, moreover, second, so, then, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1481.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 300.0 270.72406181 111% => OK
Chars per words: 4.93666666667 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.16179145029 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.36930422252 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.53 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 451.8 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.5772373621 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.7333333333 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.0 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.33333333333 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 4.19205298013 262% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.110246107912 0.272083759551 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0378868523647 0.0996497079465 38% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0490234187584 0.0662205650399 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0720145057368 0.162205337803 44% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0526439818039 0.0443174109184 119% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.31 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.