Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
The reading discusses the benefits of imposing higher taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy foods. However, the lecturer challenges those advantages proposed.
First, the passage claims that rising taxes can lower people's motivation for buying unhealthy products. However, the speaker points out that higher taxes have made people become prone to cigarettes which are cheaper and of lower quality. Moreover, those cigarettes often contain chemicals that are more damaging to people's health than normal ones. Similarly, people may continue to buy unhealthy foods even if they have less money.
Second, it seems reasonable to acquire taxes for those who create more medical costs due to smoking or consuming unhealthy products. But the professor states that the scheme is actually quite unfair since it may pose a burden on people with lower income.
Lastly, there are certainly disadvantages for the government to acquire revenue from the excessive taxes and use them for public welfare, as the article has mentioned. The lecturer infers that the government may be overly dependent on such tax incomes, and therefore be unwilling to enforce behavior-prohibiting laws. For example, they will not completely ban smoking in open areas since they are in need of the higher taxes.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 316, Rule ID: TO_NON_BASE[1]
Message: The verb after "to" should be in the base form: 'people'.
Suggestion: people
...ain chemicals that are more damaging to peoples health than normal ones. Similarly, peo...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, however, if, lastly, may, moreover, second, similarly, so, therefore, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 20.0 30.3222958057 66% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1081.0 1373.03311258 79% => OK
No of words: 199.0 270.72406181 74% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.43216080402 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.75589349951 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70350824754 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.64824120603 0.540411800872 120% => OK
syllable_count: 342.0 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 29.151924649 49.2860985944 59% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 98.2727272727 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0909090909 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.36363636364 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.107176734819 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0392442410619 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0396414988545 0.0662205650399 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0573308950592 0.162205337803 35% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0345277869921 0.0443174109184 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.75 53.8541721854 83% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.92 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.05 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 316, Rule ID: TO_NON_BASE[1]
Message: The verb after "to" should be in the base form: 'people'.
Suggestion: people
...ain chemicals that are more damaging to peoples health than normal ones. Similarly, peo...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, however, if, lastly, may, moreover, second, similarly, so, therefore, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 20.0 30.3222958057 66% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1081.0 1373.03311258 79% => OK
No of words: 199.0 270.72406181 74% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.43216080402 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.75589349951 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70350824754 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.64824120603 0.540411800872 120% => OK
syllable_count: 342.0 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 29.151924649 49.2860985944 59% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 98.2727272727 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0909090909 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.36363636364 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.107176734819 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0392442410619 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0396414988545 0.0662205650399 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0573308950592 0.162205337803 35% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0345277869921 0.0443174109184 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.75 53.8541721854 83% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.92 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.05 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.