The issue both the reading and the listening focus on is causes for the Little Ice Age, but the listening casts doubt at three main points.
At the first point, the reading states that cooling was caused by ocean currents disruption. Since melted glaciers sent cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, they disrupted the current and caused the Little Ice Age. According to the listening, if the disruption had caused the phenomenon, then the cooling would have happened only in Europe and North America. But parts of the Southern Hemisphere, such as New Zealand, were also affected. Hence, current disruption cannot explain the cooling in southern parts.
At the second point, the reading mentions that volcanic eruptions led to dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas being sent into the atmosphere. The clouds blocked sunlight, thus decreasing global temperatures. However, the listening argues that if there were enough clouds, it may had resulted in global cooling. But if that had happened, there also would have been noticeable visual effects like dramatically colored sunsets and colored snow. Since no records of such events exists, dark clouds were not strong enough to have caused the Little Ice Age.
At the third point, the reading believes that human populations decreased substantially, so forest trees started growing. These trees absorbed carbon dioxide, decreased the green house effect and cooled the Earth. On the contrary, the listening confirms that trees did not have enough time to regrow. Human populations decreased, but quickly reincreased and started cutting down forests again. Therefore, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed was insufficient to create the Little Ice Age.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, however, if, may, second, so, then, therefore, third, thus, such as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1436.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 269.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33828996283 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0498419064 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5190420583 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.579925650558 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 419.4 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 24.2763226983 49.2860985944 49% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 89.75 110.228320801 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.8125 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.8125 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.471448521944 0.272083759551 173% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.137525841851 0.0996497079465 138% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101561819745 0.0662205650399 153% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.259052801132 0.162205337803 160% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.058060545585 0.0443174109184 131% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.4 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.