tpo 47
The reading and the lecture discuss the possibility of pterosaurs' ability of power flying. The passage claims that several pieces of evidence prove that pterosaurs were not capable of flight. However, the lecturer brings up three reasons to rebut all dubious ideas presented in the passage and states that recent research has supported pterosaurs' ability of flight.
First of all, the writer holds the view that pterosaurs were unable to produce enough energy for flying, since they were cold blooded. Accordingly, they could not produce enough energy. In contrast, the speaker refutes this idea and underlines the fact that several observations indicate that pterosaurs were warm-blooded. In fact, their bodies were covered by the dense hair like or fair which is a property of warm-blooded, since they need to keep their body temperature at a specific level. Therefore, they were capable of producing enough energy for power flight.
Second of all, the author contends that pterosaurs were so heavy, so they could not flap enough fast to overcome earth force on their body. However, the lecture contradicts this contention and asserts that a special pterosaurs anatomy is the main key to arguing this idea. As a matter of fact, they have varieties of holes in their bones which helps them to have a light weight, although they were huge.
Finally, the passage states that the pterosaurs' back leg muscles were weak, so they could not support sufficient energy for taking off. On the contrary, the lecture rebuts this statement and stresses that pterosaurs did not rely on the back muscles support for starting their flight. Birds use their back legs for taking off, while pterosaurs used their four legs to push themselves into the air, since birds and pterosaurs are totally different.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 216, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'pterosaurs'' or 'pterosaur's'?
Suggestion: pterosaurs'; pterosaur's
...s contention and asserts that a special pterosaurs anatomy is the main key to arguing this...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 365, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
... their bones which helps them to have a light weight, although they were huge. Finally, the...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['accordingly', 'but', 'finally', 'first', 'however', 'if', 'second', 'so', 'therefore', 'while', 'in contrast', 'in fact', 'as a matter of fact', 'first of all', 'on the contrary']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.237654320988 0.261695866417 91% => OK
Verbs: 0.175925925926 0.158904122519 111% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0771604938272 0.0723426182421 107% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0493827160494 0.0435111971325 113% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0524691358025 0.0277247811725 189% => OK
Prepositions: 0.132716049383 0.128828473217 103% => OK
Participles: 0.037037037037 0.0370669169778 100% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.48782690283 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0216049382716 0.0208969081088 103% => OK
Particles: 0.00925925925926 0.00154638098197 599% => OK
Determiners: 0.0987654320988 0.128158765124 77% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00925925925926 0.0158828679856 58% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00925925925926 0.0114777025283 81% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1791.0 1645.83664459 109% => OK
No of words: 292.0 271.125827815 108% => OK
Chars per words: 6.13356164384 6.08160592843 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13376432452 4.04852973271 102% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.369863013699 0.374372842146 99% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.287671232877 0.287516216867 100% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.157534246575 0.187439937562 84% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.106164383562 0.113142543107 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48782690283 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530821917808 0.539623497131 98% => OK
Word variations: 53.6711458617 53.8517498576 100% => OK
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0529801325 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.8571428571 21.7502111507 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.7484399885 49.3711431718 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.928571429 132.220823453 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.8571428571 21.7502111507 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 1.07142857143 0.878197800319 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 3.39072847682 59% => OK
Readability: 49.6242661448 50.5018328374 98% => OK
Elegance: 1.46666666667 1.90840788429 77% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.575007888383 0.549887131256 105% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.131647373933 0.142949733639 92% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0866444120045 0.0787303798458 110% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.591411434456 0.631733273073 94% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.120479916254 0.139662658121 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.247835169201 0.266732575781 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0720500097965 0.103435571967 70% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.367539773025 0.414875509568 89% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0518694627516 0.0530846634433 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.404378745932 0.40443939384 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0418072866074 0.0528353158467 79% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.26048565121 70% => OK
Positive topic words: 3.0 3.49668874172 86% => OK
Negative topic words: 5.0 3.62251655629 138% => OK
Neutral topic words: 3.0 3.1766004415 94% => OK
Total topic words: 11.0 10.2958057395 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.