TPO 47: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
The reading and lecture are both about whether Pterosaurs used powered flight, used the flapping of their wings, to fly. The author of the reading doubts this theory and provides three reasons to support his claim. The lecturer challenges the statements made by the writer. He is of the opinion that Pterosaurs might use powered flight.
First of all, the author claims that Pterosaurs are cold-blooded animals so they are unable to generate the energy needed for power flight. The professor, however, rebuts this argument by stating that researches on the fossils of Pterosaurs show that they used to have light hair covered all their body such as the fur of animals. As a result, that cover helped them to maintain their body temperature. Consequently, they did not spend their energy on heating themselves and had enough energy to power their flight.
Secondly, The writer suggests that Pterosaurs were too heavy to fly. The speaker, on the other hand, argues that these animals used to have somebody features that made them light for their sizes. The professor illustrates this by talking about their bones. Pterosaurs bones were hollow and light in weight. Therefore, it helped the animal to keep airborne by flapping their wings.
Finally, it is mentioned in the article that Pterosaurs' back muscles were small and weak. Therefore, the huge animals could not depend on their legs to jump in the air and take off. This argument is challenged by the professor. He puts forth the idea that Pterosaurs are different from regular birds who use their two legs to walk and jump in the air. Pterosaurs used their four legs to walk and to push themselves from the ground. Even the largest birds could use their four limbs to take off.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 216, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...des three reasons to support his claim. The lecturer challenges the statements made...
^^^
Line 4, column 291, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: light
...bones. Pterosaurs bones were hollow and light in weight. Therefore, it helped the animal to kee...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, finally, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, such as, talking about, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 39.0 22.412803532 174% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1445.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 294.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 4.91496598639 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14082457966 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40381876838 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.510204081633 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 427.5 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 36.0073091995 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 76.0526315789 110.228320801 69% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.4736842105 21.698381199 71% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.84210526316 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.396276097628 0.272083759551 146% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.126331513545 0.0996497079465 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0773608671352 0.0662205650399 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.242798832281 0.162205337803 150% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0494917254116 0.0443174109184 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.4 13.3589403974 70% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.9 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.55 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.