TPO47
In the passage the authors argues that whether Pterosaurs were capable of power flight or whether they were able only to glide. The writer brings up three theories that have been made against power flight. However, the professor contends that the theories are unconvincing and Pterosaurs were capable of powerd flight.
At first, the passage holds the view that since modern reptiles are cold-blooded, ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded as well. Therefore they were unable to produce a lot of energy for an activity likr power flight. The professor, on the other hand, believes that Pterosaurs had a dense hair covered their body similar to furs. In fact, furs in warm-blooded animals help them to keep warm while external temperature is very low. Therefore, Pterosaurs had high metabolism to keep them warm and it would supply the energy needed for the power flight.
Additionally, the writer mentions that Pterosaurs that were as large as giraffe were probably so heavy that they would not have been able to flap their wings fast enough. Nevertheless, the professor contradicts this idea by stating that Pterosaurs had an anatomic feature that made their body unusually light. Their bones were hollow instead of being solid. As a result their weight was low despite their huge size.
Finally, the author suggests that all animals with powered flight are able to take off from the ground, while Pterosaurs' fossilized bones show that their back legs muscles were too small and weak to allow them to run fast enough to launch themselves into the air. On the contrary, the professor points out that birds only use their back legs for running, whereas Pteraosaurs walked on all of their four legs. Consequently, they had no trouble to jump high enough to launch from the ground.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 42, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t first, the passage holds the view that since modern reptiles are cold-blooded, ...
^^
Line 5, column 156, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...urs were probably cold-blooded as well. Therefore they were unable to produce a lot of en...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 359, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...nes were hollow instead of being solid. As a result their weight was low despite t...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, first, however, nevertheless, so, therefore, well, whereas, while, in fact, such as, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1523.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09364548495 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49470081879 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.561872909699 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 449.1 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.2248203728 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.533333333 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.9333333333 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.3333333333 7.06452816374 146% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.647552186313 0.272083759551 238% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.198444038355 0.0996497079465 199% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.121705594188 0.0662205650399 184% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.371090877198 0.162205337803 229% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0137725371109 0.0443174109184 31% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.91 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.