In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.
The director of a hospital system suggests that the UltraClean is supposed to be used in all hand-wasking stations in order to prevent patient infections. However, some assumptions about its effectiveness comapred with other hand soups as well as its experiment result has been made in this suggestion.
To begin with, it is assumed that the hand soaps is not suffcient to meet the need of the hospital in reducing the bacteria population. According to the director, the UltraClean produce a 40 precent greater reduction than liquid hand soaps. However, it is possible that, by using such hand soaps, the number of bacterias remained is already satisfying given that patients might not suffer from infection under such circunstance. More information, therefore, regarding the number remained when using soaps is need. If hand soaps already reach the requirement of the hospital, the suggestion would not be valid.
In addition, we also need to examine the assumption about the test in order to evaluate the soundness of the argument. Given the fact that the hospital in Workby reported fewer cases of patient than other hospital group, the director assumed that other condition of these hospital is the same, which might not hold ture. These hospitals may attach importance to different kinds of patients, for example, and some kinds of them might be more susceptible to infection. Besides, it is also possible that the hygine condition of the hospital in Workby is better than any other hospitals. If these cases turn out to be true, the test could not justify that UltraClean is effective; more information, therefore, is required to check the validness of the suggestion.
Finally, even if Ultraclean is effective after these assumptions are proved to be true, it is also important to examine the assumption that supplying UltraClean at hand-washing stations will help prevent patients from being infected. However, this assumption might not hold ture. For example, patients who suffer from infections might suffer from so heavy disease that they are not able to go to the hand-washing stations. If they just stay on their bed all the time, they could not use UltraClean, making it impossible to distract them from infections. Therefore, further investigation about whether these patients who suffer from infections are accessible to hand-washing station would be useful to evaluate the argument.
In conclusion, it is understandable that the director would like to reduce the number of patients infections. But we still need more information to examine the assumption made in the argument in order to decide its soundness.<br>
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 423 350
No. of Characters: 2157 1500
No. of Different Words: 187 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.535 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.099 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.782 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 147 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 127 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 101 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 62 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.263 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.742 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.842 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.336 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.554 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.111 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 331, Rule ID: PROGRESSIVE_VERBS[1]
Message: This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.
...soaps, the number of bacterias remained is already satisfying given that patients might not suffer fr...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 267, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this hospital' or 'these hospitals'?
Suggestion: this hospital; these hospitals
...irector assumed that other condition of these hospital is the same, which might not hold ture....
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, finally, however, if, may, regarding, so, still, therefore, well, for example, in addition, in conclusion, as well as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.6327345309 127% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 12.9520958084 124% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 11.1786427146 18% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 63.0 55.5748502994 113% => OK
Nominalization: 26.0 16.3942115768 159% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2221.0 2260.96107784 98% => OK
No of words: 422.0 441.139720559 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26303317536 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.53239876712 4.56307096286 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.91328617893 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 194.0 204.123752495 95% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.45971563981 0.468620217663 98% => OK
syllable_count: 677.7 705.55239521 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.82503216 57.8364921388 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.894736842 119.503703932 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.2105263158 23.324526521 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.0 5.70786347227 140% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 12.0 8.20758483034 146% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.204317430179 0.218282227539 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0720244098821 0.0743258471296 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0764111019308 0.0701772020484 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115086576678 0.128457276422 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103897354636 0.0628817314937 165% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 14.3799401198 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.23 12.5979740519 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.13 8.32208582834 98% => OK
difficult_words: 91.0 98.500998004 92% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.