"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The given argument favours unmanned space flight over manned missions. To prove its stand, it suggests that manned space flight is costly and dangerous. It recounts a recent example where the success of a series of unmanned space probes initiated this discussion of which of the two possibilities should be favoured. But, the argument in its course of judgement, makes several assumptions. These are explained in the forthcoming content.
It considers that the tasks involved with both manned and unmanned space flight are synonymous and can be performed interchangeably. It eliminates the possibility that a manned mission is to see how humans perform in extreme, adverse, extraterrestrial environments which is impossible to be judged through an unmanned space flight. Moreover, it considers that the recent success of several unmanned space flights indicates that they suffice for all tasks, eliminating the need of men or women in space. It also assumes that the celerity of human brain can be replaced by a pre-programmed device and the efficiency of output or results of a human mission can also be replicated using a robot.
It also hints the pecuniary detail concerning cost of a space mission. This suggests an assumption that all manned flights are costlier as compared to unmanned flights. This generality is fatal when it comes to expanding our knowledge to outer space. There has been significant and massive growth in the aeronautical industry where cost has been reduced without limiting on the technical aspects of a space mission.
Another point raised in the argument is about the dangers involved in a manned flight. Here, it overrides all the dangers which are also involved in an unmanned flight. Risks are not exclusive to men or women in space. They are ubiquitous because of the nature of work involved so we cannot assume without significant evidence that blatantly shows a manned mission perilous. Also, people involved in such missions undergo rigorous training to increase their capacity and mettle to survive in such challenging conditions. Most of them are fully aware of the risks associated, so it is nothing but their interest and motivation that makes them astronauts.
In addition to the above points, the arguments suggests that a great deal of information can be gathered even through unmanned space flights. Therefore, in this scenario it assumes that that the information collected in both kind of missions is similar. Unless and until we analyse the agenda of both missions and their outputs we cannot infer what kind of information provided is unique to a particular category of mission.
Hence, we have mentioned above all the assumptions made by the given argument. Summarizing them we have the following:-
1. Tasks involved with both manned and unmanned space flight are synonymous.
2. It eliminates the purpose of why humans go for space missions.
3. All manned flights are costlier as compared to unmanned flights.
4. It oversees dangers associated with unmanned space missions.
5. It assumes that that the information collected in both missions is similar.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
flaws:
doesn't need a summary in the conclusion.
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 5.0 out of 6
Category: Very God Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 33 15
No. of Words: 501 350
No. of Characters: 2550 1500
No. of Different Words: 227 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.731 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.09 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.8 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 201 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 160 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 113 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 58 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 15.182 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.881 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.364 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.259 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.443 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.079 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 693, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n can also be replicated using a robot. It also hints the pecuniary detail conce...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 137, Rule ID: COMP_THAN[3]
Message: Comparison requires 'than', not 'then' nor 'as'.
Suggestion: than
...on that all manned flights are costlier as compared to unmanned flights. This gene...
^^
Line 9, column 182, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: that
... Therefore, in this scenario it assumes that that the information collected in both kind ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 14, column 35, Rule ID: COMP_THAN[3]
Message: Comparison requires 'than', not 'then' nor 'as'.
Suggestion: than
...ns. 3. All manned flights are costlier as compared to unmanned flights. 4. It ov...
^^
Line 16, column 14, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: that
...unmanned space missions. 5. It assumes that that the information collected in both missi...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, hence, if, moreover, so, therefore, in addition, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 13.6137724551 147% => OK
Pronoun: 49.0 28.8173652695 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2630.0 2260.96107784 116% => OK
No of words: 501.0 441.139720559 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.249500998 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.73107062784 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.86827805763 2.78398813304 103% => OK
Unique words: 228.0 204.123752495 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.455089820359 0.468620217663 97% => OK
syllable_count: 822.6 705.55239521 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 16.0 4.96107784431 323% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 3.0 8.76447105788 34% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 29.0 19.7664670659 147% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 22.8473053892 74% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 46.1770361571 57.8364921388 80% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.6896551724 119.503703932 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.275862069 23.324526521 74% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.31034482759 5.70786347227 40% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 11.0 5.15768463074 213% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.67664670659 235% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.388840165696 0.218282227539 178% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.105852936173 0.0743258471296 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0873740055652 0.0701772020484 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.151226786287 0.128457276422 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0920359305038 0.0628817314937 146% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 14.3799401198 83% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 48.3550499002 112% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 12.197005988 81% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.87 12.5979740519 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.55 8.32208582834 103% => OK
difficult_words: 129.0 98.500998004 131% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 12.3882235529 57% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 11.1389221557 79% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Maximum six paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.