Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity -- a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about how whales orient themselves to migrate long distances. The article strongly postulates that whales probably navigating by depending on stars like ancient human sailors. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that there is no evidence that humpback whales use starts for navigating.
First and foremost, according to the author of the excerpt, humpback whales have special brains, thereby orienting them to navigate through stars. Furthermore, these whales have elaborated minds compared with other animals. Therefore, we can assume they have the ability to use start to navigate. Nonetheless, the lecture offsets these points by declaring that there are no relationships between brain power and using starts. In other words, there are other animals use starts to navigate as well as don't have intelligent brains such as ducks.
On top of this, the professor further points out that it's really difficult to navigate in straight. Meaning that animals have to send object or force to sense the Earth magnetic field. Moreover, humpback whales have a magnitude that is sensitive to the magnetic field. As a result, humpback whales orient themselves by sensing the Earth magnetic field. These claims refute the writer implication of how whales migrate in straight lines relying on stars.
The article lastly asserts that humpback whales display strange behavior called spy-hopping. Which are they keep their heads out of the water, so they can look upward to stars. The speaker in lecture counters these points by insisting that spy-hopping is scarce behavior between animals. but sharks do sky-hopping in order to look for other animals. Also, these whales do spy-hopping at day. Subsequently, humpback whales do spy-hopping to look at stars is a speculation.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 501, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...imals use starts to navigate as well as dont have intelligent brains such as ducks. ...
^^^^
Line 7, column 289, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...ing is scarce behavior between animals. but sharks do sky-hopping in order to look ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, if, lastly, look, moreover, nonetheless, really, so, therefore, well, such as, as a result, as well as, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1556.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 287.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.42160278746 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11595363751 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67365700271 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.543554006969 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 470.7 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 25.2132181839 49.2860985944 51% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 81.8947368421 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.1052631579 21.698381199 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.84210526316 7.06452816374 125% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.225545776388 0.272083759551 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0711978404776 0.0996497079465 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0444329644235 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.14197639088 0.162205337803 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0416761487075 0.0443174109184 94% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.56 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.