Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading claims that Humpback whales can move long distances for feeding and other achievements and they can find the real line with getting help from stars and there are three explanation for their behavior.However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and presents some evidences to refute them all.
The author argues that these animals are very intelligence and have the ability of using stars system for arriving to their destination.Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that there some birds like docks that are very ingenious but they do not navigation.so it seems there in no real connection between a clever animal and do what human sailors do.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that marine animals can stay in straight direct for hours and do not avoid from their right lines.On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that there are other explanation for this behavior of humpback. these animals have magnitit in their brain that can sense direction for migration and their brain field is sensitive to external forces that prevent from deviation.
Finally, the reading asserts that these whales are floating during their travel on the ocean to look at the stars and get information for navigating that this behavior is named spy-hopping .In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that this property is rare among animals and sharks do this similar behavior for looking other animals and hunt them.so it will not prove that humpback use this capability for navigating.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 212, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: However
...re three explanation for their behavior.However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubio...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 137, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Conversely
...ystem for arriving to their destination.Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 185, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ly, the lecturer brings up the idea that there some birds like docks that are ver...
^^
Line 4, column 140, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... hours and do not avoid from their right lines.On the contrary, the professor und...
^^
Line 4, column 148, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: On
...nd do not avoid from their right lines.On the contrary, the professor underlines ...
^^
Line 4, column 263, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: These
...lanation for this behavior of humpback. these animals have magnitit in their brain th...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 189, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... that this behavior is named spy-hopping .In contrast, the speaker dismisses this ...
^^
Line 5, column 191, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: In
...hat this behavior is named spy-hopping .In contrast, the speaker dismisses this is...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, look, so, in contrast, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1290.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 251.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.13944223108 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98032404683 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75282948788 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.569721115538 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 392.4 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 5.0 13.0662251656 38% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 50.0 21.2450331126 235% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 92.2886775287 49.2860985944 187% => OK
Chars per sentence: 258.0 110.228320801 234% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 50.2 21.698381199 231% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 17.2 7.06452816374 243% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.16432031471 0.272083759551 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0911484234108 0.0996497079465 91% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0275297386675 0.0662205650399 42% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0997244181375 0.162205337803 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0288297274903 0.0443174109184 65% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 27.9 13.3589403974 209% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 20.73 53.8541721854 38% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 22.8 11.0289183223 207% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 13.42 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.89 8.42419426049 117% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 29.5 10.7273730684 275% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 22.0 10.498013245 210% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 30.0 11.2008830022 268% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.