The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove
In the argument, the speaker states that we should make investment on the development of unmanned space flight. To bolster this, the speaker cites the disadvantages associated with manned space flight and asserts that a series of unmanned space equipment and facility have not shown the costs and risks that exist in manned space flight. However, the argument is tenuous in several aspects.space">
one of the major problem is that the reliability of the assumption ‘manned space flight is costly and dangerous’. In the statement, the speaker does not mention any concrete data for the expenses or any specific evidence of safety issue related with a manned space ship. it is entirely possible that the speaker makes this assertion because he or she is from a company who specialized in unmanned technology. thus, the speaker’s intention might be to attract more investment for the company by deliberately creating a biased idea of unmanned version is better. Moreover, even if manned space flight is expensive and perilous, how can we know that the unmanned space ship is not? it is possible that the unmanned space flight is even more costly since the technology required to build such gigantic thing is more advanced and maybe more technicians are needed.space">
The speaker also unfairly assumes that the probes, satellites and space ship are the same thing. even though unmanned probes and satellites might associated with less drawbacks compare with the manned ones, what about the unmanned space flight? The speaker also mentions the unmanned equipments’ ability to gather a great deal of useful information. but this does not mean that space flight without man’s manipulation also owns the ability to collect beneficial informations. it is possible that human controlled space flight can be even more potent in the ability of obtaining credible information. because when astronomers are physically in space, they can immediately react to emergent problems and fix them then continue their information gathering whereas if a technical problem occurred with the unmanned space ship, nobody is there to repair, which means that trip will be bootless.space">
Last but not least, the speaker unjustifiably make the assumption that a series of recent success of unmanned space flight proves that it is better. what is the exact number defined by the word ‘a series of’? it is possible that the number of success has been achieved by manned space ship is significantly larger than that of the unmanned space ship. what’s more, the recent achievements cannot be use to infer that manless technology will be problem-free in the future. thus, before making suggestion that unmanned space flight worth more investment, the speaker should conduct a deeper and more thorough research about the unmanned technology.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 11 15
No. of Words: 451 350
No. of Characters: 2314 1500
No. of Different Words: 204 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.608 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.131 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.689 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 177 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 127 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 91 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 49 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 41 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 25.298 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.636 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.473 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.654 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.205 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 403, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... tenuous in several aspects.space'> one of the major problem is that the rel...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: One
...ral aspects.space'> one of the major problem is that the reliab...
^^^
Line 11, column 282, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...issue related with a manned space ship. it is entirely possible that the speaker m...
^^
Line 11, column 420, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...who specialized in unmanned technology. thus, the speaker's intention might be ...
^^^^
Line 11, column 695, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ow that the unmanned space ship is not? it is possible that the unmanned space fli...
^^
Line 11, column 887, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...more technicians are needed.space'> The speaker also unfairly assumes that t...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 98, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Even
...ites and space ship are the same thing. even though unmanned probes and satellites m...
^^^^
Line 21, column 163, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun drawbacks is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...es and satellites might associated with less drawbacks compare with the manned ones,...
^^^^
Line 21, column 356, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...her a great deal of useful information. but this does not mean that space flight wi...
^^^
Line 21, column 487, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ity to collect beneficial informations. it is possible that human controlled space...
^^
Line 21, column 611, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Because
...lity of obtaining credible information. because when astronomers are physically in spac...
^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 912, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... that trip will be bootless.space'> Last but not least, the speaker unjustif...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 31, column 150, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
... space flight proves that it is better. what is the exact number defined by the word...
^^^^
Line 31, column 220, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ed by the word 'a series of'? it is possible that the number of success ...
^^
Line 31, column 363, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What&apos
...r than that of the unmanned space ship. what's more, the recent achievements cannot ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 31, column 415, Rule ID: BE_USE_TO_DO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...more, the recent achievements cannot be use to infer that manless technology will b...
^^^
Line 31, column 415, Rule ID: USE_TO_VERB[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...more, the recent achievements cannot be use to infer that manless technology will b...
^^^
Line 31, column 488, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...ogy will be problem-free in the future. thus, before making suggestion that unmanned...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, may, moreover, so, then, thus, whereas
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 13.6137724551 147% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 28.8173652695 111% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 55.5748502994 79% => OK
Nominalization: 19.0 16.3942115768 116% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2476.0 2260.96107784 110% => OK
No of words: 451.0 441.139720559 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.49002217295 5.12650576532 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.60833598836 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.04826199985 2.78398813304 109% => OK
Unique words: 218.0 204.123752495 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.483370288248 0.468620217663 103% => OK
syllable_count: 754.2 705.55239521 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 90.1116185973 57.8364921388 156% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.647058824 119.503703932 122% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.5294117647 23.324526521 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.64705882353 5.70786347227 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 18.0 5.25449101796 343% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.349157297068 0.218282227539 160% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.137095260257 0.0743258471296 184% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.070825514564 0.0701772020484 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.252930098164 0.128457276422 197% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.014770068116 0.0628817314937 23% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.7 14.3799401198 123% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 36.63 48.3550499002 76% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 12.197005988 120% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.86 12.5979740519 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.81 8.32208582834 106% => OK
difficult_words: 111.0 98.500998004 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 12.3882235529 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.