The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.""
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
It may be true that unmanned space flights can be economical and resource efficient but there are many stated and understated assumptions on which the author's argument depends. Author believes that manned space flight is expensive and dangerous. Is there any reason on which this statement depends? Author should meticulously explain the statement by providing facts and figures. He/She should put down the figures of building manned space flights comparing to building unmanned space flights. If there are any facts and figures to display, are the sources genuine? It might be possible author has conducted his study merely on certain set of space flights where the argument of the author actually stands true. There might be possible few manned space flights in the world proved to be highly cost efficient and safe, but author might have not considered those space flights. Author should mention the source of his study and validate the argument.
Further, author has stated about the recent success of unmanned space probes and satellites. Author has only considered the recent successes. It might be possible that earlier to these successes, unmanned space probes and satellites lead to failures in conducting investigations. How recent the successes are? Author should provide a fullproof detailed study of the success of the recent unmanned space probes and satellites. It may be possible that the recent success of the space probes and satellites actually did not require human intervention. For example, success of studying the appearances of the moon, this study may not need any human to intervene. But what if study or probe requires a human intervene, continuing the example, appearance of moon taking into consideration of the surrounding lights and environment and at different temperature levels. This study might need a human backing. Author should mention what kind of probe or study he/she is writing about; without providing the relevency of the argument, the study holds no water. It may be possible manned space flight can acquire more information about the probe than an unmanned space flight.
I agree to the author's fact that sending men and women into space can be dangerous but there might be few probes that require human interventions. In that case, a different alternative has to be found to conduct a safe and secured study. Cost and safety are important aspects of the study of author, but there many other aspects to that author should consider too, in order to conduct a study. It might be possible unmanned space flights are very difficult to operate and maintain because it is not supervised by any human.
As evidenced, there are many assumptions on which author's argument depends. Author should address each and every detailed aspect of the study and then come up with a solid study, only then author's argument is justifiable. Unless these facts and figures, it is difficult to end up on a position.
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 27 15
No. of Words: 482 350
No. of Characters: 2414 1500
No. of Different Words: 192 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.686 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.008 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.563 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 184 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 133 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 88 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 50 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 17.852 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.312 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.444 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.334 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.334 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.129 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 152, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nd understated assumptions on which the authors argument depends. Author believes that ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 16, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... unmanned space flight. I agree to the authors fact that sending men and women into sp...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, if, may, so, then, as to, for example, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.6327345309 127% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 23.0 12.9520958084 178% => OK
Conjunction : 27.0 11.1786427146 242% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 28.8173652695 101% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2461.0 2260.96107784 109% => OK
No of words: 480.0 441.139720559 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12708333333 5.12650576532 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.68069463864 4.56307096286 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64050891428 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 201.0 204.123752495 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.41875 0.468620217663 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 774.0 705.55239521 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 2.0 8.76447105788 23% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 27.0 19.7664670659 137% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 22.8473053892 74% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.9467816332 57.8364921388 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.1481481481 119.503703932 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.7777777778 23.324526521 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.25925925926 5.70786347227 40% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 12.0 8.20758483034 146% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.228455851377 0.218282227539 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0848003541859 0.0743258471296 114% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0839147396107 0.0701772020484 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.135315920249 0.128457276422 105% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0946729911329 0.0628817314937 151% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.6 14.3799401198 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 48.3550499002 112% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 12.197005988 81% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.5979740519 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.6 8.32208582834 91% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 12.3882235529 52% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 11.1389221557 79% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.