The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine: “Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
This letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine asserts that resources should be invested solely in unmanned space flight. This conclusion is made by claiming that manned space flight is costly and dangerous. To be able to be evaluated this conclusion needs to shed light on these four major assumptions.
Firstly, although the letter states that manned space flights are costly, there is a possibility that the data recieved (per unit cost) is more for manned space flights. For example, buying a high price for value car is much better than buying a low priced crapy car, morover buying a primeier seat for 2 dollars more is much more gratifying than sitting in an awful position at a theater, by paying less. Point being, when considering such important issues, cost as a factor must be sidelined and the output should be kept in mind.If the data per unit cost is lesser or even similar for an unmanned flight compared to a manned one, there is no use in providing funding for unmanned flights.
Secondly, the letter states that unmanned space flights are less costly. Accurate data regarding this pricing must be mentioned because controling a space flight from ground is a challenging job which does need an enormous amount of capital. If costs are similar to that of manned flights, there is no point in spending enormous amount of money in unmanned flights.
Thirdly, the data itself could be skewed that is recieved from an unmaned space flight as there is no human to incorporate the new challenges that an unmanned flight might face in a novel enviornment as outerspace. For example, there there has been numerous ocasions wherein technology has stopped responding, leaving the task to be done by a human.
Fourth, there is no support or data provided about the succces of these unmanned space fligjhts, there have been many instances wherein it has been almost impossible to land a certain rover or to make communication with it. for example, just realizing the number of failed unmanned attempts to land rovers on moon has shown that, technlogy alone can't, by todays standards equal what humans can.
In conclusion, this argument is definitly flawed, it doesn't hold much water, and there is heavy requirement of a lot of evidence to evaluate this argument succesfully.
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 5 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 17 2
No. of Sentences: 13 15
No. of Words: 389 350
No. of Characters: 1866 1500
No. of Different Words: 203 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.441 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.797 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.52 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 142 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 95 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 65 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 33 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 29.923 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 15.284 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.769 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.36 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.688 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.065 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 281, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...g a low priced crapy car, morover buying a primeier seat for 2 dollars more is mu...
^^
Line 3, column 532, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: If
...d and the output should be kept in mind.If the data per unit cost is lesser or eve...
^^
Line 7, column 229, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: there
...enviornment as outerspace. For example, there there has been numerous ocasions wherein tech...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 347, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...on moon has shown that, technlogy alone cant, by todays standards equal what humans ...
^^^^
Line 11, column 54, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
..., this argument is definitly flawed, it doesnt hold much water, and there is heavy req...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, if, regarding, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, for example, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 30.0 19.6327345309 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 28.8173652695 73% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 55.5748502994 74% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 16.3942115768 43% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1920.0 2260.96107784 85% => OK
No of words: 387.0 441.139720559 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.96124031008 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.43534841618 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59388797865 2.78398813304 93% => OK
Unique words: 208.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.537467700258 0.468620217663 115% => OK
syllable_count: 588.6 705.55239521 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.76447105788 23% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 22.8473053892 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.9972327265 57.8364921388 102% => OK
Chars per sentence: 137.142857143 119.503703932 115% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.6428571429 23.324526521 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.78571428571 5.70786347227 119% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.227131796177 0.218282227539 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.100986888527 0.0743258471296 136% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0943526056229 0.0701772020484 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.116473512161 0.128457276422 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0728759275773 0.0628817314937 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.8 14.3799401198 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.53 48.3550499002 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 12.197005988 103% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.73 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 98.500998004 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 11.1389221557 115% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.