An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters.However,some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.
One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne),they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine.Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement,but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement.So,airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.
Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations.Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically.The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter,which can carry only a small amount of weight.Airships,meanwhile,are able to carry very heavy loads.As a result,airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do,such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.
Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites.Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.
The reading states that there are three advantages of airship which can make them be widely used in future. The lecturer, however, finds the idea dubious and casts doubt on the reasons proposed by the reading passage.
The author argues that airships need engines only for their horizontal movement but airplanes and helicopters are related to their engines for both vertical and horizontal movement. As a result, the amount of fuel required by airship is fewer than that for airplanes and helicopters. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that airship needs some special lighter gases than air like helium and hydrogen, both of which can cause some difficulties. Hydrogen catches fire quickly, and the heluim which is safer than hydrogen is difficult to obtain and is more expensive.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that airships have the ability to carry more loads than airplanes and helicopters, as well as the ability of going straight up and down. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that although they can carry more loads, controling the stability of themselves specially in windy weather is very difficult for them and they may lose their balance which could cause serious damages.
Finally, the reading asserts that satellites can be replaced by airships, because of the reason that airships can rise high and spend a significant time above the suface of Earth without the requirement of refueling. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that airships can rise up 14 kilometers and due to the extreme wind presented there, they consume a lot of their fuel for resisting according the wind. As a result, airships cannot be considered as good alternatives for satellites for conducting uniterrupted, continuous surveys.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 98, Rule ID: IN_PAST[1]
Message: Did you mean: 'in the future'?
Suggestion: in the future
...ship which can make them be widely used in future. The lecturer, however, finds the idea ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...asons proposed by the reading passage. The author argues that airships need engine...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, if, may, so, well, in contrast, as a result, as well as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1503.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18275862069 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70464655006 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555172413793 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 462.6 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 49.4043863278 49.2860985944 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 136.636363636 110.228320801 124% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.3636363636 21.698381199 122% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.9090909091 7.06452816374 154% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.132043320281 0.272083759551 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0539960337313 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0371220261829 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0770544781033 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0240526778868 0.0443174109184 54% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.1 13.3589403974 121% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.06 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.23 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.