Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity—a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The passage discusses that humpback whales migrate using stars to navigate by putting forward several reasons all of which are not convincing as the professor brings up some counterarguments.
First and foremost, the article asserts that humpback whales' brains are highly complicated enabling them to use a sound basis that stimuli the night sky to navigate, On the other hand, the professor calls this into question by pointing out the fact that other animals even with an average level of intelligence have the same ability. As a result, there is not a strong convincing connection.
Secondly, the reading claims that humpback whales are not able to migrate in a straight line unless they are oriented to external objects, like birds that use landmarks, they use stars. The lecturer conversely, clears out that V high probably exploits Earth's magnetic field to navigate since their brain is sensitive to biomagnetic fields. Therefore, this is more practical than stars.
Last but not least, the writer mentions that humpback whales use the technique of spy-hoping that allows them to head out for minutes looking for stars. In stark contrast, the speaker argues that other animals such as sharks use this technique to hunt not observe stars. Moreover, humpback whales head out during the day when there is no star in the sky.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, look, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, such as, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1113.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 218.0 270.72406181 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.10550458716 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.84250218741 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5929282019 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.614678899083 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 333.9 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 82.6851831114 49.2860985944 168% => OK
Chars per sentence: 123.666666667 110.228320801 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.2222222222 21.698381199 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.4444444444 7.06452816374 176% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.191445878623 0.272083759551 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0740594465351 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0622043513541 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.119653553408 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0300104732461 0.0443174109184 68% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.7 13.3589403974 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.59 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, look, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, such as, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1113.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 218.0 270.72406181 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.10550458716 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.84250218741 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5929282019 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.614678899083 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 333.9 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 82.6851831114 49.2860985944 168% => OK
Chars per sentence: 123.666666667 110.228320801 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.2222222222 21.698381199 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.4444444444 7.06452816374 176% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.191445878623 0.272083759551 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0740594465351 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0622043513541 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.119653553408 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0300104732461 0.0443174109184 68% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.7 13.3589403974 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.59 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.