Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility. First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity--a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation. Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances. Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading passage and the lecturer holds opposite opinions on weather hampback whales navigate by the starts.
First, the reading argues that since whales have a complex brain, their well-developed cognitive ability may be contributed to their understanding of the night sky. but the instructor claimed that there is no connection between cognitive ablities with navigation by starts. For example, ducks with average intellegence can use starts to navigate, but it has nothing to do with their brains. it seems to be a natural ability.
Second, the lectuerer proposed another assumption regarding to the fact mentioned in the reading passage: whales migrate in straight lines. Instead of relying on external signs to find directions, they are capable of sensing earth's magnetic field, because they have biomegnetrodes.
Third, sky-hopping is not only found on whale, but also on sharks. sharks do sky-hopping when they hunt for preys. However, they do not migrate. Moreover, the humpback whales also hop during daytime when there is no stars, which also disputes that theory in the reading--that humpeback whales look up the sky to watch stars.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-28 | Amin1990 | 85 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | jewel | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-26 | shrjhn1234 | 73 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | jinjingcarol | 81 | view |
| 2019-11-01 | Seema Modak | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 166, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...o their understanding of the night sky. but the instructor claimed that there is no...
^^^
Line 3, column 392, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...it has nothing to do with their brains. it seems to be a natural ability. Secon...
^^
Line 7, column 68, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Sharks
...nly found on whale, but also on sharks. sharks do sky-hopping when they hunt for preys...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 205, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are no stars'?
Suggestion: there are no stars
...ack whales also hop during daytime when there is no stars, which also disputes that theory in the...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, look, may, moreover, regarding, second, so, third, well, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 979.0 1373.03311258 71% => OK
No of words: 181.0 270.72406181 67% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.40883977901 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.66791821706 4.04702891845 91% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.81610832586 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 121.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.668508287293 0.540411800872 124% => OK
syllable_count: 288.9 419.366225166 69% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 49.8871453656 49.2860985944 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 89.0 110.228320801 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.4545454545 21.698381199 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.63636363636 7.06452816374 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.164089522075 0.272083759551 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0550195229393 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0231279557954 0.0662205650399 35% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0836804647021 0.162205337803 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0222275875388 0.0443174109184 50% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.8 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.97 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.