Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The lecture and the reading are about the project of sending people to Mars. The reading states that it is difficult to send people on Mars than on Moon. The lecturer refutes every of the reason presented in the text. She does not feel that sending people to Mars is as difficult as the author assumes.
First of all, the lecturer claims that for food, water and oxygen, astronauts can use hydroponic method. According to this method plants they can grow plants in water rather than in soil. Thus the plants can grow within the space craft and can produce food. The water used for plants growth can also be recycle. Thus the waste water can be recycled and can be used as drinking water. These plants will consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen, so that there would be enough oxygen and fresh air to breathe. While the reading states from another angle that as Mars is too far from earth and its round trip would take around two years which will cause scarcity in supplies of food, water and oxygen.
Secondly, the lecturer states that there are a number of astronauts who have been to zero-gravity environment. These astronauts have also learned different techniques to to live on such environment for longer periods. They can also take medications to prevent the decrease in their body muscle mass as well as if they feel low in bone strength.
Finally, the lecturer mentions that the dangerous levels of solar radiations are not present there all the time. They become partially active ocassionaly. There are instruments available in the space craft to monitor the solar radiations. Astronauts can use shielding protection whenever there is high solar radiations detected by the instruments. When there is no dangerous solar radiations they can move to unshielded areas.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 155, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...lt to send people on Mars than on Moon. The lecturer refutes every of the reason pr...
^^^
Line 3, column 189, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...ow plants in water rather than in soil. Thus the plants can grow within the space cr...
^^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... for plants growth can also be recycle. Thus the waste water can be recycled and can...
^^^^
Line 5, column 168, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: to
... have also learned different techniques to to live on such environment for longer per...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 349, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “When” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...radiations detected by the instruments. When there is no dangerous solar radiations ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, if, second, secondly, so, thus, well, while, as well as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 5.04856512141 277% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1484.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 4.91390728477 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44083536824 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.533112582781 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 452.7 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.3829235804 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 78.1052631579 110.228320801 71% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.8947368421 21.698381199 73% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.78947368421 7.06452816374 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.110672655472 0.272083759551 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0392450974551 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0300549939716 0.0662205650399 45% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.072714078721 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.035415187699 0.0443174109184 80% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.6 13.3589403974 72% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.9 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.57 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.