Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity—a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading and lecture are about whether humpback navigate in accordance with celestial force. In the reading, three probable explanations which support that the species utilize stars to find their way. The lecturer is the opinion of these explanations are faulty.
First, the author posits that the humpback whales has satisfactory brain, which means that this creature is smart and possess appreciable cognitive ability to employ celestial bodies for navigating. This specific interpretations are challenged by the lecturer. He claims that other animals such as ducks use this navigating to migrate. However, their cognitive aptitude is comparatively smaller than the whales, and even less than average, which suggests that the intelligence and finding its path to migrate is not associated with each other. Therefore, the well-developed brain of the whales do not provide possibility of migrating since migrating is inborn instinct of animals.
Secondly, in the reading, it is claimed that this animal travels through straight lines, and this travelling process requires external powers or matters, one of which can be stars. Thereby, this animal probably orients its way thanks to stars. Nonetheless, the lecturer refutes this idea by mentioning that one of external forces can be magnetic field which is widely utilized by other animals migrating to far-flung area. Moreover, the magnetite, which is substance playing the role of orientation of magnetic, was found from the brain of the whales. Hence, this animal might employ the magnetic field rather than bodies in the heavens.
Finally, the author suggests that humpback showcase the spy-hopping, movement of floating near to the surface of water, which is explained with the idea that it see the stars and use this information to navigate. The lecturer, however, mentions that other creatures such as sharks make this particular movement. Furthermore, sharks do not relocate to the distant place, and this movements is done during a daytime, when the stars are invisible. Thus, spy-hopping does not play the role of looking at stars.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 375, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
... not relocate to the distant place, and this movements is done during a daytime, whe...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, look, moreover, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, well, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1777.0 1373.03311258 129% => OK
No of words: 327.0 270.72406181 121% => OK
Chars per words: 5.43425076453 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25242769721 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77842168186 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 184.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.562691131498 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 541.8 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.08092666 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.529411765 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.2352941176 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.64705882353 7.06452816374 108% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.125462593297 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0399258278037 0.0996497079465 40% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0355517824577 0.0662205650399 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0764639467712 0.162205337803 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0371073353062 0.0443174109184 84% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.21 12.2367328918 116% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.6 8.42419426049 114% => OK
difficult_words: 104.0 63.6247240618 163% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.