Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility. First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity--a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation. Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances. Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The discussion is mainly about whether humpback whales leverage the star as a way to navigate their long-distance migration. The article provides three reasons to support the statement while the lecturer disagrees what has been presented in the article. I will elaborate on details in the following essay.
To begin with, the article mentions that the whales have high intelligence for them to be capable of using star to navigate their journey. However, the professor refuses the statement since there is no real connection between the intelligence and star navigation. He uses duck as an example, in that ducks are also capable of using star to navigate the way but their intelligence is only average, and what makes them able to do so is the distinct they are borned with. This example manifests that no correlation between brain power and star navigation.
Additionally, the article states that it is essential to have external objects, such as the star, to achieve a straight-line migration. Again, the professor counters the opinion and he provide an alternative explanation is that the whales can use the maganectic feel to achieve the same result. He further expresses that the whales are sensitive to the bio-magnectic change of the earth and this makes the magnectic navigation more possible than star navigation.
Last, the article talks about the spy-hopping to demonstrate the whales’ behavior of looking for the star for navigation. The professor holds different beliefs of the spy-hopping bahvior for two reasons. First is that the shark also has the same bahvior but the motivation behind is looking for animal to hunt instead of navigation. Secondly, the whales normally do the spy-hopping during the day, which is difficult to see the star. Therefore, it is not reasonable to conclude that the spy-hopping behaviour is for star navigation.
To sum up, due to the lack of connection between the intelligence and the star navigation, and the alternative possibility of magnectic navigation, as well as the motivation of hunting behind the spy-hopping bahavior, it is unlikely that the whales do use star to navigate their journey.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Additionally,
...ween brain power and star navigation Additionally the article states that it is essential...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 180, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'he' must be used with a third-person verb: 'provides'.
Suggestion: provides
...e professor counters the opinion and he provide an alternative explanation is that the ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, look, second, secondly, so, therefore, well, while, such as, as well as, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 24.0 5.01324503311 479% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1770.0 1373.03311258 129% => OK
No of words: 348.0 270.72406181 129% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08620689655 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.31911543099 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82610815495 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.451149425287 0.540411800872 83% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 571.5 419.366225166 136% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 1.0 8.23620309051 12% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 1.0 13.0662251656 8% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 348.0 21.2450331126 1638% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 0.0 49.2860985944 0% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 1770.0 110.228320801 1606% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 348.0 21.698381199 1604% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 128.0 7.06452816374 1812% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.199299899473 0.272083759551 73% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.199299899473 0.0996497079465 200% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.118589514158 0.162205337803 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0121303141142 0.0443174109184 27% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 176.5 13.3589403974 1321% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: -281.74 53.8541721854 -523% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 0.0 5.55761589404 0% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 139.0 11.0289183223 1260% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 13.72 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 24.25 8.42419426049 288% => Dale chall readability score is high.
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 55.0 10.7273730684 513% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 141.2 10.498013245 1345% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 55.0 11.2008830022 491% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.