The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the memo, the director suggests that those hospitals should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout the hospital system. However, he makes some assumptions that seem too ideal to attain in reality.
The director says that a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soups. It’s not reliable to use the percentage as an indication of the efficiency. For example, if there are 14,000 bacteria in the hospital before adopting the soap manufactured by UltraClean, then it only kills 140 of them finally, meaning that the killing rate is 1 percent. On the contrary, there are 1,000 bacteria in the hospital then after using the other brands of soap, then it kills 100 of them. Under this simple instance, it also represents the 40 percent greater reduction, but other brands of soap is more efficient. Hence, he should provide the original numbers and the numbers after the using of the soap to ensure that UltraClean is more functional than any other brands.
He also mentions that during a subsequent test of UltraClean at the hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in the group. He assumes that the only variable in this result is different choice of soap. Nevertheless, one of the factors the total patients entering into the hospital is omitted, which also plays an important role in interpreting the data. It’s likely that if there are fewer people going to the hospital every day, and there are rather few chances for people get infection. What’s more, he also assumes that the protective measures in the hospital are the same. Obviously, if the hospital has implemented the standard steps then it has already reduced a lot the probability the infection.
Another assumption is that all the hospitals located in various areas have the same weather and size. It’s possible that the bacteria have to develop different characteristics to adapt to the environment. It’s likely that the bacteria just started living in Workby so they’re still figuring out the way to steadily reside in this city. Even though the performance of the decrease of UltraClean is great, it doesn’t represent that the result is contributed to the soap.
To sum up, it still leaves many careful considerations before deciding whether supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout the hospital system.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
argument 1 -- not OK. better to say:
a 40 percent greater reduction may be because of a concentrated solution compared to regular ones.
argument 2 -- OK
argument 3 -- OK
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 406 350
No. of Characters: 2032 1500
No. of Different Words: 203 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.489 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.005 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.735 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 148 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 116 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 86 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 47 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.368 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.914 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.632 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.325 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.546 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.151 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, hence, however, if, nevertheless, so, still, then, for example, on the contrary, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 19.6327345309 66% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 12.9520958084 15% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 11.1786427146 36% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 28.8173652695 111% => OK
Preposition: 53.0 55.5748502994 95% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 16.3942115768 73% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2123.0 2260.96107784 94% => OK
No of words: 404.0 441.139720559 92% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.25495049505 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.48327461151 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.86974501948 2.78398813304 103% => OK
Unique words: 208.0 204.123752495 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.514851485149 0.468620217663 110% => OK
syllable_count: 656.1 705.55239521 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.76447105788 23% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.6022969162 57.8364921388 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.736842105 119.503703932 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.2631578947 23.324526521 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.78947368421 5.70786347227 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.19937453471 0.218282227539 91% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.066507294241 0.0743258471296 89% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.115755303567 0.0701772020484 165% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100275922315 0.128457276422 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0706264637498 0.0628817314937 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 14.3799401198 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 48.3550499002 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.17 12.5979740519 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.82 8.32208582834 106% => OK
difficult_words: 106.0 98.500998004 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.